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Iskandar Ritonga
Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel

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Model Harmonisasi Fatwa Blockchain Lintas Yurisdiksi Berbasis Maqashid Moch. Ainol Kavil; Iskandar Ritonga
Indonesian Journal of Economics Management and Accounting Vol. 2 No. 12 (2025): IJEMA - Desember 2025
Publisher : PT. INOVASI TEKNOLOGI KOMPUTER

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Abstract

Perkembangan teknologi blockchain dan aset kripto menghadirkan tantangan signifikan bagi hukum Islam kontemporer, terutama dalam fiqh muamalah. Variasi fatwa dari lembaga seperti DSN-MUI, AAOIFI, dan OIC Fiqh Academy menunjukkan perbedaan metodologis dalam menilai keabsahan kripto dan smart contract, yang berpotensi menghambat integrasi ekonomi syariah lintas negara. Artikel ini mengevaluasi titik temu dan perbedaan utama dalam fatwa global terkait blockchain, serta menawarkan model harmonisasi berbasis maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif melalui studi pustaka dan analisis isi dengan pendekatan normatif dan komparatif terhadap dokumen resmi. Hasil menemukan kesepakatan pada pelarangan spekulasi berlebih dan perlunya aset dasar, namun terdapat perbedaan mencolok mengenai pengakuan token sebagai alat tukar dan status smart contract sebagai akad. Artikel mengusulkan kerangka harmonisasi yang mengintegrasikan prinsip syariah universal, mekanisme fatwa transnasional, dan kolaborasi antara pakar fiqh serta ahli teknologi untuk memperkuat kebijakan keuangan Islam yang adaptif terhadap transformasi digital. Temuan ini penting bagi pembuat kebijakan dan praktisi.
DSN-MUI FATWA IN DIGITAL BANKING: ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES OF THE SHARIA ECONOMY IN THE 5.0 ERA AND ITS PROSPECTS IN THE FUTURE Vidya Wahyu Prihatanti; Iskandar Ritonga; Aditya Surya Nanda
WORLDVIEW ( Development economic and sharia studies journal ) Vol 4 No 2 (2025): WORLDVIEW ( Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Sosial Sains ) 
Publisher : Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Wijaya Putra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38156/worldview.v4i2.578

Abstract

This study examines the strategic role of the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) fatwas in governing the transformation of Islamic banking in the era of the 5.0 digital economy. While digitalization offers significant opportunities for Islamic financial institutions, it simultaneously demands legal certainty and strict compliance with Sharia principles. This research employs a qualitative approach through an in-depth literature review of DSN-MUI fatwas, regulations issued by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and Bank Indonesia, as well as relevant scholarly sources on Islamic digital banking. The findings indicate that DSN-MUI fatwas function as a Sharia backbone in legitimizing digital financial services, including Islamic mobile banking, QRIS-based payments, Islamic e-money, digital financing, and online gold transactions. Beyond serving as normative guidelines, the fatwas also enhance public trust and stimulate responsible innovation aligned with the objectives of maqasid al-sharia. This study proposes a four-layer conceptual model—normative, technological, institutional, and impact layers—that positions fatwas at the core of the Islamic digital banking ecosystem. Although the prospects are highly promising, key challenges remain, including low levels of Islamic digital financial literacy, inadequate technological infrastructure, and the gap between rapid technological innovation and the issuance of adaptive Sharia rulings
Co-Authors Aditya Surya Nanda Moch. Ainol Kavil Vidya Wahyu Prihatanti