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All Journal al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies QOUBA : Jurnal Pendidikan al-Wadhih: Journal of Islamic History and Civilization
Kholid Mawardi
Universitas Islam Negeri Prof. KH. Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto, Indonesia
Religion Humanities Education Social Sciences

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The Relationship between Religion and Power between the Safavid and Mughal Dynasties in Islamic Politics Mita Tamaminni’mah; Irfan Musonif; Kholid Mawardi
al-Wadhih: Journal of Islamic History and Civilization Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Penerbit Hellow Pustaka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61166/alwadhih.v2i1.38

Abstract

The Safavid and Mughal dynasties were two major Islamic powers that played important roles in shaping the political, religious, and cultural development of the Islamic world during the medieval period. However, previous studies have generally discussed both dynasties separately and predominantly through descriptive historical approaches. This study aims to analyze the relationship between religion and power in the Safavid and Mughal dynasties from the perspective of Islamic politics. This research employed a qualitative approach through library research. The data sources consisted of scientific articles, books, and relevant academic literature published between 2020 and 2025. Data were collected through documentation techniques and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns of religious legitimacy, political authority, and social integration within both dynasties. The findings reveal that the Safavid dynasty constructed political legitimacy through the institutionalization of Shi‘a ideology as the official state doctrine, making religion an instrument of political consolidation and identity formation. Meanwhile, the Mughal dynasty developed a more accommodative and inclusive political model by emphasizing tolerance, cultural acculturation, and social integration in a multicultural society. The study also shows that religion functioned not only as a spiritual system but also as a political instrument in shaping state authority and social order. Furthermore, differences in the relationship between religion and power in both dynasties were strongly influenced by their respective social and cultural contexts. In conclusion, the relationship between religion and power in Islamic political history was dynamic and contextual, reflecting different models of political legitimacy and governance within Islamic civilization.
Historiography of Malay Islam in the Archipelago between Academic Archives and Sanad Tradition Ibnu Da’i Munis; Irfan Musonif; Kholid Mawardi
al-Wadhih: Journal of Islamic History and Civilization Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Penerbit Hellow Pustaka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61166/alwadhih.v2i1.39

Abstract

This article examines the epistemological encounter between modern academic historiography and genealogical-spiritual narratives in the history of Malay–Nusantara Islam. The study employs a qualitative approach with a historical-comparative design based on library research. Data were collected from religious manuscripts, sanad and ulama genealogical documents, Islamic historiographical works, academic archives, and reputable scholarly publications, which were analyzed using historical source criticism, discourse analysis, and Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological framework of habitus, symbolic capital, and field. The findings reveal that Malay–Nusantara Islamic historiography develops through a dual epistemology that integrates the empirical validation of academic historiography with the legitimacy of sanad and spiritual authority embedded in genealogical traditions. Academic historiography emphasizes objectivity, archival evidence, and chronological consistency, whereas genealogical narratives prioritize sanad, lineage, and collective memory as the basis of historical legitimacy. The study further demonstrates that pesantren, Sufi orders, and ulama networks function as arenas for reproducing symbolic capital that sustains genealogical historiography amid the dominance of modern epistemology. Therefore, dual epistemology offers a framework for constructing a more inclusive, multidimensional, and contextual historiography of Islam in the Malay–Nusantara world.
Islamic Historiography from Normative Tradition to Critical and Interdisciplinary Approach Annisa Nur Baeti; Susanti Sangidah; Irfan Musonif; Kholid Mawardi
al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i2.3477

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the transformation of Islamic historiography from a normative tradition toward critical and interdisciplinary approaches. Employing a qualitative approach with a literature review method, this study synthesizes and critically examines various scholarly works related to the development of Islamic historiography. The findings indicate that early Islamic historiography was rooted in oral traditions and the codification of hadith, which established an epistemological foundation based on the verification of transmission (sanad) and content (matan). In its classical phase, Islamic historiography was predominantly siyasah-oriented, reflecting the interplay between knowledge production and political power, resulting in elitist and event-centered narratives. Criticism of these limitations led to the emergence of more analytical approaches, most notably articulated by Ibn Khaldun through his concept of social interpretation. In the modern period, Islamic historiography has evolved toward interdisciplinary approaches by incorporating social, cultural, and economic perspectives, including localized contexts such as Indonesian historiography. This study argues that Islamic historiography is a dynamic epistemological construct that has shifted from a normative-descriptive model to a critical-reflective approach in understanding history.
The Institutionalization of Islam in the Abbasid Caliphate: Knowledge, Authority, and Social Transformation M. Fakhrur Rizal; Irfan Musonif; Kholid Mawardi
Quoba: Jurnal Pendidikan Vol 3 No 1 (2026): 2026
Publisher : PT.Hassan Group Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61104/qb.v3i1.924

Abstract

Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah dikenal sebagai salah satu periode paling penting dalam perkembangan peradaban Islam yang ditandai oleh kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan, tata kelola pemerintahan, dan organisasi sosial. Namun, kajian yang ada umumnya membahas aspek-aspek tersebut secara terpisah sehingga pemahaman mengenai proses institusionalisasi Islam masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis institusionalisasi Islam pada masa Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah melalui hubungan antara produksi pengetahuan, pembentukan otoritas, dan transformasi sosial. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis studi kepustakaan dengan teknik analisis dokumen dan analisis tematik terhadap literatur akademik kontemporer dan karya-karya utama tentang peradaban Abbasiyah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi pengetahuan didukung oleh institusi intelektual dan jaringan pendidikan yang terorganisasi. Otoritas keagamaan dan politik berkembang melalui keterhubungan antara institusi hukum, jaringan ulama, dan struktur administrasi. Transformasi sosial berlangsung melalui institusi yang memungkinkan integrasi berbagai komunitas dan tradisi budaya. Selain itu, temuan menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan, otoritas, dan transformasi sosial berkembang melalui hubungan institusional yang saling memperkuat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Islam berfungsi sebagai sistem peradaban yang terinstitusionalisasi dan membentuk fondasi intelektual, politik, serta sosial dalam masyarakat Abbasiyah
Co-Authors Annisa Nur Baeti Ibnu Da’i Munis Irfan Musonif M. Fakhrur Rizal Mita Tamaminni’mah Susanti Sangidah