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All Journal Sustainable in Energy Science and Technology
Fayaz Hussain
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Physics

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Monowave-Assisted Optimization of Transesterification for Sustainable Biodiesel Production from Sterculia foetida Oil Zaki Aqila; Zhafarina Aulia Pawisty; Adri Rakha Sebayang; Dodi Tri Nugraha Winandar; Syarafina Hanifah; Deswita; Fayaz Hussain
Sustainable in Energy Science and Technology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Sustainable in Energy Science and Technology
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51510/siest.v1i2.3091

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive optimization of biodiesel production from Sterculia foetida oil using monowave irradiation. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on a Box–Behnken design was employed to evaluate the effects of key process variables, including methanol-to-oil ratio, catalyst loading, reaction time, and irradiation conditions, on biodiesel yield. The results demonstrated that monowave irradiation significantly enhances heat transfer, accelerates reaction kinetics, and reduces processing time compared to conventional methods. Biodiesel conversion yields ranged from 83.55 % to 97.22 %, meeting the requirements of ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. The developed quadratic model showed a high coefficient of determination (R² = 98.57 %), indicating strong model reliability. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that methanol-to-oil ratio, catalyst concentration, and irradiation time were the most significant factors affecting methyl ester yield. The optimal conditions were identified at a methanol-to-oil ratio of 55.45 %, catalyst concentration of 0.884 wt%, agitation speed of 650 rpm, irradiation time of 7.55 min, and reaction temperature of 100 °C, resulting in a maximum biodiesel yield of 97.4 %. These findings confirm that monowave-assisted transesterification is an effective, energy-efficient, and cost-effective approach for sustainable biodiesel production from non-edible feedstocks.
Simulation Analysis of Adjustable Bracket Movement in the Design and Construction of a Water Turbine Simulation Device with Adjustable Bracket System Siti Maretia Benu; Muhammad Ahza Zaidan Pramanda; Surya Dharma; Muhammad Anhar Pulungan; Fazril Ideris; Fayaz Hussain
Sustainable in Energy Science and Technology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Sustainable in Energy Science and Technology
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51510/siest.v2i2.3372

Abstract

This study presents the simulation analysis of the adjustable bracket movement in the design and construction of a water turbine simulation device. The background of this research is the untapped renewable energy potential of hydropower plants in Indonesia, which has not reached its desired target. The aim is to design a water turbine simulation device that is effective, efficient, and adaptive to various types of water turbines. The research methods include document study, device design, simulation using SolidWorks 2022, and device testing. Results show that the adjustable bracket system with a universal joint can adjust the working radius angle of the turbine from 90° to 180°, allowing the combination of multiple simulation tools into one integrated device. Moment analysis on the shaft shows the 90° position (Kaplan turbine) has a higher maximum stress (1.136 × 10⁴ N/m²) but lower maximum displacement (2.342 × 10⁻⁵ mm) compared to the 180° position (crossflow turbine) with stress of 8.687 × 10³ N/m² and displacement of 2.775 × 10⁻⁵ mm. Both values remain within safe limits for SS316 material. Actual testing shows the crossflow turbine with a half-opening achieves the most stable rotation (average 619 RPM), while the Kaplan turbine achieves the highest average speed (919 RPM) but with greater variability due to the absence of a flow basin. This simulation tool is expected to serve as a practical learning medium and provide education about the potential of water energy.
Co-Authors Adri Rakha Sebayang Deswita Dodi Tri Nugraha Winandar Fazril Ideris Muhammad Ahza Zaidan Pramanda Muhammad Anhar Pulungan Siti Maretia Benu Surya Dharma Syarafina Hanifah Zaki Aqila Zhafarina Aulia Pawisty