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All Journal International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES)
Mohan Chinnasamy
St. Joseph’s Institute of Technology
Economics, Econometrics & Finance

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Design of a flexible modified rectangular dual-band antenna for ISM bands with SAR analysis Mohan Chinnasamy; Uma Mariappan; Charulatha Gopinathan; Ashokkumar Mani; Anita Daniel; Sree Devi Baskaran
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 15, No 2: July 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v15.i2.pp468-478

Abstract

Regarding dual industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band utilization, a planar, high-gain, dual-band modified antenna has been implemented application. This modified antenna features a rectangular patch with combined slots. This antenna has a profile of approximately 0.25 λ0×0.18 λ0. The combination of slots and modified rectangular patch allows for multiple-band performance. The designed antenna operates in two bands: 5.81 GHz and 2.42 GHz wireless body area network (WBAN). The antenna offered maximum radiation efficiencies of 76.4% and 82.8% in the two operating bands, with peak gains of 3.43 dB and 3.81 dB. The suggested antenna has reflection coefficients of -28.3 dB at 2.43 GHz and -23.9 dB at 5.81 GHz, respectively. The antenna's safety features were additionally evaluated employing a threelayer human body phantom initiated of fat, muscle, and skin tissues. The specific absorption rate (SAR) of the proposed antenna was evaluated using a three-layer human tissue model representing skin, fat, and muscle. The calculated SAR values were analysed according to the IEEE C95.1-1999 and IEEE C95.1-2005 safety guidelines, and the results confirm that the antenna operates within the permissible exposure limits. The measured results closely match simulations, demonstrating its reliability. Owing to its compact size, improved efficiency, strong impedance performance, and validated safety compliance, the proposed antenna is much impressed for effective ISM band communications.
Analysis of a compact wideband DGS-inspired octagonal patch antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G and IoT wireless systems Komalavalli Subramanian; Divya Subramani; Sornalatha Ravindran; Muthu Manickam Anbarasu; Mohan Chinnasamy; Anita Daniel
International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) Vol 15, No 2: July 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijres.v15.i2.pp479-489

Abstract

The proposed compact wideband antenna is developed to meet the increasing demand for efficient and miniaturized radiators in sub-6 GHz fifth generation (5G) and internet of things (IoT) wireless systems. The design features an octagonal radiating patch integrated with modified H-shaped slots to enhance the current path and impedance matching, while a graded defected ground structure (DGS) is introduced to improve bandwidth (BW) and suppress unwanted surface wave effects. Fabricated on an FR4 substrate and energised by a simple stripline feed, the antenna maintains a compact size of 18×15 mm² without compromising performance. It achieves a wide fractional BW of 42.81% spanning 3.1–5.8 GHz, with a resonance centered at 4.6 GHz and obtained reflection coefficient of −36 dB, indicating excellent impedance matching. Additionally, the suggested antenna provides the maximum gain of 3.14 dB and an overall radiation efficiency of 80.5%, demonstrating stable radiation characteristics while making it ideal for small, low-profile 5G and IoT communication devices.
Co-Authors Anita Daniel Anita Daniel Ashokkumar Mani Charulatha Gopinathan Divya Subramani Komalavalli Subramanian Muthu Manickam Anbarasu Sornalatha Ravindran Sree Devi Baskaran Uma Mariappan