Imas Istiani
English Literature Study Program, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Jawa Tengah

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Empowering Process of Marginalized Masculinity Toward Self-Reliance in Chugong’s Solo Leveling Novel Mohammad Raihan Daffa Fadlillah; Imas Istiani
IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Lite
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Palopo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v14i1.11159

Abstract

Systemic discrimination in modern meritocratic societies often traps individuals at the bottom of the social hierarchy, resulting in a state of marginalized masculinity. Despite the immense popularity of Solo Leveling, academic discussions addressing the intersection of masculinity and empowerment within modern fantasy literature remain limited. Thus, this study aims to examine the process of empowerment of the marginalized male protagonist, Jinwoo Sung, toward absolute independence in Chugong’s novel Solo Leveling. Using a qualitative research design and a character analysis approach, textual data were analyzed using the concept of marginalized masculinity by Connell and Messerschmidt, Kabeer’s three-dimensional framework of empowerment (resources, agency, and achievement), and Emerson’s philosophy of self-reliance. The findings indicate that the protagonist begins with severe physical and economic marginalization within the rigid hunter ranking system. Subsequently, the empowerment process is systematically triggered through the acquisition of the anomalous “System” as an initial resource, followed by a psychological shift to mobilize strategic agency during life-threatening encounters. Ultimately, the protagonist achieves radical autonomy, manifested through the formation of his own independent force and his active resistance to elite institutions. This study concludes that Solo Leveling serves as a critique of the meritocracy system, while also demonstrating that modern fantasy literature can redefine empowerment not as integration into an oppressive hierarchy, but as the attainment of sovereign defiance.
The (Re)production of Gender Inequality in Garmus’s Lessons in Chemistry: A Gendered Organization Analysis Meyla Aqshal Rosihan; Imas Istiani
IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Lite
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Palopo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v14i2.10981

Abstract

Although previous studies on Bonnie Garmus's Lessons in Chemistry have primarily examined the novel through feminist perspectives, limited attention has been given to how organizational structures systematically construct and reproduce gender inequality. This study examines Bonnie Garmus’s Lessons in Chemistry through Joan Acker’s theory of gendered organization and inequality regimes to identify how gender inequality is constructed, maintained, and reproduced within organizational contexts. Using a qualitative descriptive design, with Lessons in Chemistry (2022) as the primary data source, this study adopts a socio-organizational perspective, which differs from previous studies that mainly focused on feminist approaches. Findings reveal that gender inequality is not rooted in individual actions but in a self-reinforcing organizational system. This inequality is represented through five interconnected dimensions of gendered organization: division of labor, symbolic representation, workplace interaction, identity formation, and organizational logic. Together, these dimensions demonstrate how organizational structures sustain male dominance while maintaining the appearance of meritocracy. This process operates on multiple levels, such as labeling women domestically, disregarding their contributions, excluding them from authority positions, and seeing men as the only ideal workers. Further analysis of inequality regimes reveals that this inequality is perpetuated through an interlocking mechanism. Naturalized through long-standing social norms and supported by biased daily organizational practices, it becomes a system that appears normal and difficult to change. Although several forms of women’s resistance are portrayed in the novel, such resistance tends to be largely individual and limited in its capacity to disrupt patriarchal structures and broader organizational inequalities. By integrating literary criticism with organizational sociology, this study extends the application of Joan Acker’s framework to literary analysis while demonstrating how literary narratives can illuminate structural mechanisms of gender inequality in organizational contexts.