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All Journal IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature
Ruly Indra Darmawan
English Literature, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Jawa Tengah
Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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The Inessential Woman: A Beauvoirian Analysis of Female Otherness in Mueenuddin's Saleema Tsabitah Ashilah; Ruly Indra Darmawan
IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Lite
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Palopo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v14i1.11216

Abstract

This study examines the construction of female identity and oppression in Daniyal Mueenuddin’s short story Saleema (2009) from the collection In Other Rooms, Other Wonders using Simone de Beauvoir’s existential feminist framework. Employing a descriptive qualitative method with a close textual reading approach, the research analyzes how patriarchal and feudal structures in Pakistani society restrict the female protagonist’s autonomy. The findings reveal that Saleema is constructed as the Other through sexual objectification and dependence on male authority figures. These conditions deny her autonomy and reinforce her subordinate position within patriarchal society. The study also explores the tension between transcendence and immanence in Saleema’s life. Although she briefly demonstrates transcendence through her personal choices, patriarchal and socioeconomic constraints ultimately force her back into immanence. As a result, her attempt to assert agency collapses into personal destruction and loss of subjectivity. This study concludes that Saleema’s fate reflects structural oppression rather than individual failure. It also contributes to feminist literary criticism by demonstrating the relevance of Beauvoir’s existential feminism in analyzing gender oppression and female subjectivity in Pakistani literature.
Subaltern Resistance to Epistemic Violence and Patriarchal Oppression in R.F Kuang’s The Poppy War Latifa Maharani Gunawan; Ruly Indra Darmawan
IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Lite
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Palopo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v14i1.11217

Abstract

This study analyzes how patriarchal structures and epistemic violence silenced and marginalized Rin as a subaltern woman in R.F. Kuang’s novel The Poppy War. Her efforts to resist these systems reflect the subaltern voice through the lens of Gayatri Spivak’s postcolonial feminism. Even though postcolonial feminist scholars have begun paying attention to fantasy literature, Spivak’s ideas have rarely been used to analyze this novel, leaving a significant gap in our understanding of how fantasy can portray the silencing of marginalized women. This study applies a descriptive qualitative approach and close reading to explore how the novel brings ideas to life. The findings reveal that Rin is oppressed by the patriarchal structure and epistemic violence working together, not individually. Supporting Spivak’s (1988) argument that subaltern women cannot truly speak in their own right because the dominant system never allows their voice to be heard on their own terms, Rin’s resistance is quietly reshaped by those in power. As one of the first studies to directly apply Spivak’s framework to The Poppy War, this research strengthens postcolonial feminist studies by demonstrating that fantasy literature can serve as an unexpectedly strong space for understanding how marginalized women speak, resist, and are subsequently silenced.
Imprisoned Bodies, Muted Voices: Female Characters and Patriarchal Control in Claire Keegan’s Small Things Like These Ulwiyya Farhana; Ruly Indra Darmawan
IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Lite
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Palopo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24256/ideas.v14i1.11218

Abstract

This study examines the portrayal of the female characters in Claire Keegan's novel Small Things Like These (2021). In particular, the women held within the Magdalene Laundries are represented as marginalized and oppressed characters within patriarchal systems. This study examines how patriarchal control is implemented in the novel through the confinement and silencing of women, employing a qualitative descriptive approach and Feminist Literary Criticism, as proposed by Gilbert and Gubar (2000). Institutional oppression, collective silence, and historical trauma have been investigated in previous studies of Small Things Like These. However, little attention has been paid to how women are portrayed in light of Gilbert and Gubar's ideas of confinement and silencing. The study offers a distinctive feminist perspective by examining the intertwined processes by which patriarchal institutions control women’s lives. The research indicates that the Magdalene Laundries do not offer women independence, self-determination, or the capacity to control their own lives as institutional power consistently overrides individual will. This oppression is reflected in the institutional and social silence that silences the voices of women, the limitation of women’s freedom in the Magdalene Laundries, and the separation of mothers from their children. The research also points out two related mechanisms of patriarchal control. These are physical confinement, restricting women’s autonomy and isolating them from the outside world, and institutional silence, which prevents their experiences from being acknowledged or challenged by the larger society. These mechanisms suggest that the novel’s oppression is reinforced not only by religious and institutional power but also by social attitudes that normalize compliance and discourage resistance. However, the female characters still seek self-determination and dignity, indicating that oppression and resistance coexist within the same social context. These findings shed light on the mechanisms by which patriarchal institutions control the bodies, voices, and identities of women in contemporary literature, as discussed by Gilbert and Gubar's concepts of confinement and silencing. This is a contribution to feminist literary criticism.
Co-Authors Latifa Maharani Gunawan Tsabitah Ashilah Ulwiyya Farhana