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All Journal Turbo : Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin Journal of Energy, Mechanical, Material and Manufacturing Engineering
A'yan Sabitah
Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin
Mechanical Engineering

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Optimization of torrefaction temperature on the physical and chemical properties of ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri) as an alternative biofuel Ichwan Noor Ardiyat; Noor Rahman; Jarot Wijayanto; A'yan Sabitah; Ahmad Robittah
Journal of Energy, Mechanical, Material, and Manufacturing Engineering Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/jemmme.v10i2.42340

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effect of torrefaction temperature on the physical and chemical properties of ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri) and to evaluate its potential as an alternative biofuel. Torrefaction was carried out at 200°C, 250°C, and 300°C for 150 minutes under oxygen-limited conditions, and the resulting char, tar, and gas yields were quantified, while chemical changes were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicate that increasing temperature significantly affects product distribution, with the highest char yield (52%) obtained at 250°C and increased gas formation at 300°C. FTIR analysis revealed a progressive reduction of hydroxyl (O–H) and carbonyl (C=O) functional groups, indicating enhanced deoxygenation and carbonization at higher temperatures. These chemical transformations suggest improved thermal stability and fuel quality of the torrefied ironwood. It can be concluded that Eusideroxylon zwageri has strong potential as a renewable biofuel feedstock, with torrefaction at 250°C being the most suitable condition for solid biofuel production.
Eksperimental karakteristik api dari suplai udara pada pembakaran uap partalite-partamax A'yan Sabitah; Ichwan Noor Ardiyat
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 11 No 2 (2022): TURBO : Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v11i2.2232

Abstract

Partamax and partalate fuel are used as vehicle fuel in parts of the world, especially in Indonesia. Partamax and partalate have their own characteristics and if they are mixed, they will change the physicochemical properties of the pure fuel and affect the combustion behavior. In this study, an experiment was conducted on the combustion of partamax vapor, partalate and a mixture of partamax and partalate by varying the air supply by 1 liter/minute, 2 liters/minute and 3 liters/minute. The results of the combustion of fuel vapors were observed in the form of temperature by measuring using a thermocouple placed in two places with a height of 20 mm and 40 mm from the nozzle mouth and observing the flame using a camera. The results obtained from the observations are the flow of fire produced in the form of a laminar flame of all fuels, The highest flame temperature is owned by partamax fuel with an air supply of 3 liters/minute of 1047 oC on a thermocouple at an altitude of 20 mm and 1027 oC at an altitude of 40 mm, while the lowest temperature is owned by partalate fuel. This is because the octane value of partamax is higher. As the octane value increases, the flame temperature increases, but the flame height decreases. In addition, when the air supply is 3 liters/minute, a lift off phenomenon occurs in the partamax fuel and partamax-partalate mixture. This is because the octane value of partamax is higher. As the octane value increases, the flame temperature increases, but the flame height decreases. In addition, when the air supply is 3 liters/minute, a lift off phenomenon occurs in the partamax fuel and partamax-partalate mixture. This is because the octane value of partamax is higher. As the octane value increases, the flame temperature increases, but the flame height decreases. In addition, when the air supply is 3 liters/minute, a lift off phenomenon occurs in the partamax fuel and partamax-partalate mixture.
Co-Authors Ahmad Robittah Ichwan Noor Ardiyat Jarot Wijayanto Noor Rahman