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Ahmed F. Alobaidi
University of Tikrit
Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) in Sustainable Poultry Production: Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, and Practical Applications Teeb A. Altabtabaai; Caterin A. M. Ismail; Jamal Al-Din D. H. Jasim; Arshed H. Alhafadhi; Mohammed A. Alrubaee; Ahmed F. Alobaidi; Asawer Sharif
Health & Medical Sciences Vol. 3 No. 4 (2026): August
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/phms.v3i4.686

Abstract

The present review aims to compile and critically analyze the available information on stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) due to its wide distribution and significant medicinal and nutritional importance. The study focuses on summarizing its botanical characteristics, phytochemical composition, and major bioactive constituents, with particular emphasis on phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenes. In addition, this review highlights the potential applications of stinging nettle in poultry nutrition as a natural feed additive. It also evaluates its reported effects on growth performance, gut health, immune response, and oxidative status in poultry species, based on previously published experimental and review studies. Furthermore, the study seeks to provide a comprehensive scientific overview that supports the use of stinging nettle as a sustainable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in modern poultry production systems. By integrating existing literature, this review aims to identify knowledge gaps and propose directions for future research regarding optimal inclusion levels, processing methods, and practical applications under commercial conditions.
Composition and Evaluation of a Medicinal Herbal Shampoo Based on Ziziphus spina-christi, Olive Oil, and Potassium Hydroxide Rakhaa S. Alnassralla; Noora B. Maizar; Ali .F. Al-Qaisi; Nada A. Alshemari; Aya H. Khader; Noor Alhuda S. Najem; Anfal S. Abdul Razzaq; Ahmed F. Alobaidi
Health & Medical Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/phms.v3i2.577

Abstract

This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a medicinal herbal shampoo based on Ziziphus spina-christi leaves, olive oil, and potassium hydroxide (KOH). Z. spina-christi is rich in saponins, providing natural cleansing, anti-dandruff, and soothing effects, while olive oil contributes hydration and protection for hair. KOH was used to saponify the oil, producing a mild liquid potassium soap suitable for scalp application.The optimized formulation contained 15% olive oil, stoichiometrically calculated KOH, and 3% finely powdered Z. spina-christi extract, diluted with distilled water. Natural preservatives were included to enhance stability, and the pH was adjusted to 6.0, ensuring optimal scalp compatibility.Evaluation included physicochemical characterization (pH, viscosity, appearance), microbial stability (total microbial count over 1–3 months), and dermatological safety (patch test). Preliminary anti-dandruff efficacy was also assessed. The shampoo demonstrated mild cleansing, moderate foaming, moisturizing, and soothing properties, while remaining free from synthetic surfactants . This work presents a scientifically validated herbal shampoo integrating traditional plant-based remedies with modern formulation principles, offering a safe, effective, and natural alternative for hair care. The findings support the potential of Z. spina-christi and olive oil as key ingredients in herbal medicated shampoos with enhanced anti-dandruff and hair-conditioning performance.
Co-Authors Ali .F. Al-Qaisi Anfal S. Abdul Razzaq Arshed H. Alhafadhi Asawer Sharif Aya H. Khader Caterin A. M. Ismail Jamal Al-Din D. H. Jasim Mohammed A. Alrubaee Nada A. Alshemari Noor Alhuda S. Najem Noora B. Maizar Rakhaa S. Alnassralla Teeb A. Altabtabaai