<![CDATA[This study aims to examine how women’s resistance is discursively constructed in Islamic digital media associated with two major Indonesian Muslim civil society traditions, Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama, by comparing Rahma.id and Mubadalah.id as mediatized arenas of gendered religious authority. Using a qualitative critical discourse design, this research applies Sara Mills’ feminist Critical Discourse Analysis to six purposively selected articles from both platforms, focusing on subject–object positioning, writer–reader relations, narrative framing, and the construction of women’s epistemic agency in Indonesian Islamic digital discourse. The findings reveal that Rahma.id constructs women’s resistance through a reformist–modernist discourse that legitimises women’s agency through education, moral reasoning, historical reinterpretation, and gradual empowerment within Progressive Islam, while Mubadalah.id articulates a more transformative and deconstructive resistance by challenging patriarchal fiqh, male-centred religious authority, and asymmetrical gender relations through the principle of mubādalah or reciprocity. The theoretical contribution lies in extending Sara Mills’ CDA by demonstrating how feminist subject positioning operates differently across reformist and theological-counterhegemonic Islamic media discourses, thereby contributing to digital religion, feminist communication, and Islamic feminist scholarship. The practical implications suggest that Islamic media practitioners, religious organisations, gender advocacy institutions, and policymakers can develop more inclusive digital communication strategies for advancing gender justice. However, the research limitation is that the study is restricted to six texts from two Indonesian platforms, indicating the need for future research involving audience reception, digital ethnography, social media engagement, and cross-national comparison.]]>
