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All Journal Jurnal Kartika Kimia
Yudha Prawira Budiman
Universitas Padjadjaran
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Education

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Hydroxyapatite as a Biomimetic Alternative to Fluoride in Toothpaste Formulations: A Review Gabrielle Callista Dwi Putri; Atiek Rostika Noviyanti; Yudha Prawira Budiman; Arie Hardian; Azman Bin Ma'Amor
Jurnal Kartika Kimia Vol 9 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Kartika Kimia
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Jenderal Achmad Yani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26874/jkk.v9i1.1101

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has gained increasing attention as a biomimetic active ingredient in toothpaste due to its structural similarity to dental enamel and dentin, especially amid concerns over excessive fluoride exposure. This review discusses the role of HA in caries prevention and enamel remineralization, covering its antibacterial activity, physicochemical properties, synthesis strategies, and toothpaste applications. Evidence from in vitro, in situ, and clinical studies demonstrates that HA particularly in nano and ion-substituted forms effectively promotes enamel remineralization, enhances acid resistance, reduces dentin hypersensitivity, and exhibits antibacterial activity comparable or superior to fluoride toothpaste. However, challenges remain regarding nanoparticle stability, formulation consistency, and limited long-term clinical data. For HA to replace fluoride, it should be engineered as a reactive, well-dispersed nano-apatite (≤100 nm) with moderate-to-high crystallinity (~69–75%), stoichiometric Ca/P ratio of 1.67, and appropriate ionic substitution. Overall, HA represents a safe, biocompatible, and promising material for advanced toothpaste formulations.
Co-Authors Arie Hardian Atiek Rostika Noviyanti Azman Bin Ma'Amor Gabrielle Callista Dwi Putri