Huthaifa Al-Khazraji
University of Technology-Iraq

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Sliding Mode based Circle Search Algorithm for Inventory Control with Extended State Observer Neamah D. Farhan; Raya K. Naji; Muntaha K. Musa; Huda A. Kanber; Wafaa H. Abdul Hadi; Aws M. Abdullah; Hussien Dulaimi; Huthaifa Al-Khazraji
Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/biste.v8i3.16220

Abstract

The efficient utilization of inventory systems has become increasingly important in modern industrial practice due to its substantial contribution to cost reduction, resource optimization, and overall operational efficiency. Sliding mode control (SMC) is presented in this study for management and optimization of the inventory systems. First, the differential equations of inventory system are developed. Then, the SMC is employed for the improvement of the performance of the inventory system under time varying demands, by minimizing tracking error and improving reference following. Moreover, an extended state observer (ESO) is introduced to compensate for the lack of direct access to the system state variables by estimating the unavailable states while simultaneously providing demand estimation. Furthermore, circle search algorithm (CSA) is used for optimizing the SMC and the ESO because of its outstanding global optimization potential and to provide a good balance between exploitation of the obtained solutions and exploration of new ones during the search process by means of the integral of absolute error (IAE). The efficacy of the ESO to estimate the states of the system and the profile of the unknown demand has been validated by computer simulation in the MATLAB. Additionally, The proposed ESO-SMC is examined with the proportional, integral, derivative (PID) controller of the stochastic demand. This test shows the ESO-SMC to be superior in their performance enhancement, especially the reduction of inventory costs.
Fixed-Time Synergetic Control Based Arctic Puffin Optimization for Knee-Exoskeleton Systems Huthaifa Al-Khazraji; Laith K. Majeed; Mohammed K. Hamzah; Ahmed Sameer Abdulmohsin
Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026): August
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/biste.v8i4.17182

Abstract

Knee exoskeletons are proving to be highly effective tools for people with leg impairments, using external mechanical support to help their knees move more easily. However, to achieve an accurate trajectory tracking, nonlinearities and torque interaction due human–robot interaction can significantly affect the dynamic performance of the system. In this study, a fixed-time synergetic control (FTSC) strategy is proposed for the motion control of the knee-joint of an exoskeleton robot system. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed FTSC scheme is optimized using the Arctic Puffin Optimization (APO). A comparative study between the FTSC and conventional synergetic control (CSC) is carried out under step and sinusoidal motion-tracking scenarios. The results demonstrate the superior tracking performance of the proposed FTSC compared with the conventional CSC. The Integral Time of Absolute Error (IAE) performance index is selected as a quantitative measurement for improvements. The numerical data of the results reveal that the tracking error of the system controlled by the FTSC is reduced by 37.34% and 79.1% compared to that of the system controlled by the CSC for the unit step and sinusoidal signal inputs respectively. Furthermore, the FTSC demonstrated a substantial enhancement when a parameter variation was augmented in the simulation for the sinusoidal signal inputs.