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All Journal JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURES, MATERIALS AND ENERGY
Yoky Edy Saputra
Institut Teknologi Indonesia
Energy Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering

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Preliminary Engineering Study of Titanium Carbide and Nickel Foam as Electrodes for Urea Fuel Cells (DUFC) Aufar Fadhlir Rahman; Hijrah Muhammad; Jauhari Amanina Muhammad; Yoky Edy Saputra
JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MANUFACTURES MATERIALS AND ENERGY Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): June 2026 Edition
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/jmemme.v10i1.15656

Abstract

The utilization of sustainable alternative energy is a major focus in the development of future technologies. One innovative approach is the utilization of urea as a fuel in Direct Urea Fuel Cells (DUFCs), which is environmentally friendly and low-cost. This study aims to synthesize Ti₃C₂ (MXene) material combined with nickel foam substrate (Nickel Foam, NF) as an active electrode in DUFCs. Ti₃C₂ was synthesized through a selective etching process against Ti₃AlC₂ with HF solution and then combined with NF using a hydrothermal coating method. The synthesis and fabrication processes were carried out based on engineering principles, which emphasize efficiency, work safety, quality control, and material sustainability. The results of structural and morphological characterization using SEM, XRD, and FTIR showed that Ti₃C₂ was evenly distributed on the surface of the nickel foam and formed a large active surface. Electrochemical tests using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques show that the Ti₃C₂/NF electrode has high electrocatalytic performance in the urea oxidation reaction. The resulting output power is significantly increased compared to conventional electrodes. This reflects the successful application of nanotechnology-based material design principles in an engineering context. By integrating the principles of professionalism, sustainability, and technological innovation, this research contributes to the development of clean and sustainable energy systems relevant to future energy needs. The Ti₃C₂/NF electrode has great potential for use in industrial-scale environmentally friendly fuel cells.
Co-Authors Aufar Fadhlir Rahman Hijrah Muhammad Jauhari Amanina Muhammad