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All Journal Annals of Management and Organization Research Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies
Talent Kondo
Bindura University of Science Education, Bindura, Zimbabwe
Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences

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Impact of Fiscal Indiscipline on External Debt in Sub Saharan Africa Talent Kondo; Victoria Masere; Pretty Moyo
Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): July
Publisher : Goodwood Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/jgas.v6i2.2813

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines the impact of fiscal indiscipline on external debt in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methodology: The study employs panel data analysis using a Random Effects Model (REM), covering the period from September 2009 to December 2020. Results: The findings reveal a negative relationship between primary fiscal balances and external debt. Fiscal deficits increase external debt accumulation, whereas fiscal surpluses contribute to its reduction. Conclusions: Fiscal indiscipline contributes to external debt accumulation in SSA. Lower primary fiscal balances, particularly persistent deficits, are associated with higher external debt levels, highlighting the importance of fiscal discipline in maintaining debt sustainability. Limitations: The study is limited by data availability during the observed period, and potential data quality issues may affect the reliability and generalizability of the findings. Contributions: This study provides empirical support for fiscal discipline and debt sustainability theories by demonstrating the relationship between primary fiscal balances and external debt accumulation. It extends theoretical understanding of how fiscal imbalances influence external indebtedness in developing economies, particularly SSA. Novelty: This study addresses a gap in the literature by examining fiscal indiscipline as a determinant of external debt in SSA. It offers region-specific empirical evidence and practical recommendations for balancing government revenues and expenditures, strengthening fiscal management, promoting economic stability, and enhancing economic resilience in developing countries.
Investigating the causal nexus between remittances and economic growth in Zimbabwean Knowledge Jonasi; Tendai Towo; Ezekiel Chitombo; Talent Kondo; Phillip Dangaiso; Elizabeth Vakai
Annals of Management and Organization Research Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): August
Publisher : goodwood publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/amor.v7i1.2430

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to examine the nexus between remittances and economic growth in Zimbabwe. Methods: The research employed the Granger Causality test using annual time series data from 1980 to 2022. Preliminary diagnostic tests including stationarity, cointegration, and error correction modeling were conducted to ensure methodological rigor. Results: Findings reveal that remittances are not significantly influenced by GDP, as shown by a P-value of 0.5158. Conversely, remittances significantly drive Zimbabwe’s economic growth with a P-value of 0.0429. This highlights remittances as a vital income source that fuels household consumption, investment, and financial inclusion. The unidirectional causality emphasizes their role as a stable economic pillar independent of GDP fluctuations. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that remittances Granger-cause economic growth in Zimbabwe, but GDP does not Granger-cause remittances. This underlines the critical role of remittance inflows in sustaining consumption, supporting human capital investment, and strengthening financial development in the context of economic instability and high emigration. Limitation: The research faced challenges in accessing complete and reliable data, requiring innovative strategies to address missing values and restricting analysis to annual data. Contribution: The results provide context-specific evidence useful for scholars and policymakers in designing strategies to better channel remittances into productive investments. The study contributes by clarifying the causal mechanism between remittances and growth in Zimbabwe and offering insights for policy initiatives aimed at economic recovery and sustainable development.
The nexus between agricultural exports and food security in Zimbabwe Talent Kondo; Zachary Tambudzai
Annals of Management and Organization Research Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): August
Publisher : goodwood publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/amor.v7i1.2630

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between agricultural exports and food security in Zimbabwe from 1990 to 2023. Research Methodology: A time-series analysis was conducted using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to examine both short-run and long-run dynamics. Diagnostic tests, such as ADF, multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity, and serial correlation, were performed to ensure robustness.   Results: The findings revealed that agricultural exports had a positive and statistically significant effect on food security. A 1% increase in agricultural exports leads to a 0.007% increase in food security. Other variables, such as rainfall, capital expenditure, and consumption expenditure, positively influenced food security, whereas rural and urban population growth negatively impacted it. Conclusions: Agricultural exports play a critical role in enhancing food security in Zimbabwe by generating foreign currency and promoting investment in the agricultural sector. However, demographic pressures and climate-related risks remain significant challenges. Limitations: The study is limited by data availability, as annual data may overlook short-term changes. Additionally, some potentially influential variables were excluded because of data constraints. Contribution: This study contributes empirical evidence to policy debates on balancing export-oriented agriculture with domestic food needs. It offers actionable insights for government ministries and institutions involved in agricultural planning, advocating greater support for capital investment, infrastructure, and farmer education to ensure sustainable food security outcomes.
The Nexus between Government Spending and Agricultural Output: Evidence from Zimbabwe Talent Kondo; Simba Mustvangwa; Victoria Masere
Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): July
Publisher : Goodwood Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/jgas.v5i2.2738

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship between government spending and agricultural output in Zimbabwe, while also evaluating the effects of macroeconomic variables such as inflation, carbon emissions, rainfall, population growth, and temperature on agricultural output. Methodology: The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was employed using time-series data from 1980 to 2022. Data were sourced from the World Bank and the IMF. Diagnostic tests, including stationarity checks, cointegration analysis, and stability assessments (CUSUM and CUSUMSQ), were conducted to ensure the robustness of the model. Results: The findings reveal significant short- and long-run relationships between government spending and agricultural output. Government expenditure, rainfall, and population positively influenced agricultural productivity, whereas inflation and carbon emissions had a negative effect. The ARDL model explains 95% of the variation in agricultural output, indicating a strong model fit and predictive power. Conclusions: The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model demonstrated a positive relationship between government spending and agricultural output in both the short and long terms. Based on the results, the study concluded that sustained government support through subsidies, grants, and other resources has the potential to enhance agricultural productivity in Zimbabwe over time. Limitations: The study is limited by the availability and quality of historical data, which may constrain the precision of certain estimates. Contributions: This study extends Keynesian fiscal theory and Musgrave’s public finance theory by integrating recent perspectives on sustainable agricultural development and climate resilience, providing new insights into the relationship between government spending and agricultural productivity in developing economies.
Co-Authors Elizabeth Vakai Ezekiel Chitombo Knowledge Jonasi Phillip Dangaiso Pretty Moyo Simba Mustvangwa Tendai Towo Victoria Masere Zachary Tambudzai