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All Journal University Of Bengkulu Law Journal Notary Law Research
Salma Nur Hanifah
Fakultas Hukum Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Konsumen Pada Klausula Baku Dalam Kontrak Elektronik Salma Nur Hanifah; Sri Retno Widyorini
Notary Law Research Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Juni: Notary Law Research
Publisher : Program Studi Kenotariatan Program Magister Fakultas Hukum UNTAG Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56444/nlr.v7i2.3738

Abstract

Perkembangan teknologi digital telah merevolusi mekanisme transaksi ekonomi dengan mendorong penggunaan kontrak elektronik sebagai instrumen utama dalam aktivitas e-commerce. Kajian ini menyoroti dominasi klausula baku yang disusun sepihak oleh pelaku usaha, yang mengakibatkan ketimpangan posisi tawar serta berpotensi menimbulkan kerugian sistemik bagi konsumen. Secara empiris, rendahnya literasi hukum masyarakat, kompleksitas bahasa kontrak, serta mekanisme persetujuan instan memperkuat kondisi kerentanan konsumen dalam memahami hak dan kewajibannya. Meskipun kerangka regulasi nasional seperti UUPK dan UU ITE telah memberikan dasar perlindungan, implementasinya masih menghadapi hambatan serius, termasuk lemahnya pengawasan, kesenjangan antara norma dan praktik, serta tantangan yurisdiksi lintas negara dalam transaksi digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif-empiris untuk menganalisis efektivitas perlindungan hukum serta mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab ketidakseimbangan dalam kontrak elektronik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan perlunya rekonstruksi model perlindungan konsumen berbasis keadilan kontraktual yang menekankan transparansi, keseimbangan, dan akuntabilitas dalam penyusunan klausula. Selain itu, integrasi aspek teknologi, desain sistem digital, dan peningkatan literasi konsumen menjadi elemen krusial dalam menciptakan ekosistem transaksi yang adil. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam pengembangan teori hukum digital sekaligus memberikan rekomendasi praktis bagi pembentukan regulasi adaptif guna memperkuat kepercayaan publik terhadap ekonomi digital.
Analisis Yuridis Pembatalan Putusan Arbitrase di Pengadilan Husni Kurniawati; Salma Nur Hanifah
University Of Bengkulu Law Journal Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): OCTOBER
Publisher : UNIB Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33369/ubelaj.v9i2.38134

Abstract

The arbitration award results in a final and binding decision. However, an annulment attempt can be made based on Article 70 of the ADR Law which is directed at the District Court. This is contrary to the principle of non-intervention of the court in Articles 3 and 11 of the ADR Law. The urgency of this study is to determine the authority of the court and the use of the provisions of Article 70 in the annulment of an arbitration award after the issuance of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 15/PUU-XIII/2015 and Supreme Court Regulation number 3 of 2023. This study uses a normative legal approach with analytical descriptive research specifications. The sources and types of data used are secondary data collected through literature which are analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that the District Court only has the authority to cancel based on the elements of Article 70 of the ADR Law without being accompanied by an act of trying it itself. The use of the provisions of Article 70 of the ADR Law still has different opinions even though the Constitutional Court has issued a decision Number 15/PUU-XIII/2015, as in the Semarang District Court Decision No. 01/Arbitrase/2016/PN.Smg and the Supreme Court Decision No. 480B/Pdt-Sus-Arb/2017. The follow-up to the Constitutional Court decision was then made by Supreme Court Regulation number 3 of 2023 to regulate further. However, the regulation still does not clearly regulate the use of the provisions of Article 70 of the ADR Law which contains criminal elements but is carried out in a civil manner. The ambiguity in terms of evidence related to the norms contained in Article 70 will potentially cause legal uncertainty for justice seekers.
Co-Authors Husni Kurniawati Sri Retno Widyorini