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All Journal Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities Global Komunika : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
Karunya Saka Listianto
Department of International Relations, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Yogyakarta
Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Securitization of United States Energy Interests: The Guyana-Venezuela Dispute Narrative (2023-2025) Karunya Saka Listianto; June Cahyaningtyas
Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v6i4.3279

Abstract

The territorial dispute between Venezuela and Guyana, enduring for over two centuries, escalated once more in 2023. This resulted in a self-claim through a referendum by Venezuela against Guyana's territory, specifically the resource-rich Essequibo region. This claim is considered a direct threat to United States energy interests due to the significant investments by U.S. companies, particularly ExxonMobil, in Guyana's offshore oil fields. Venezuela's aggressive stance and potential for destabilizing the region directly imperil the stability of these crucial energy supplies and the commercial operations of ExxonMobil. Therefore, the situation demands an energy securitization move from the U.S. to protect its strategic energy interests. U.S. energy securitization process during the Guyana-Venezuela war from 2023 to 2025 will be examined in this research. This research will examine U.S. energy securitization dynamics using constructivism and process tracing. Data comes from primary and secondary sources. The research uses energy interest, security, and securitization theories. The findings show that U.S. energy securitization during the conflict requires identifying rationale, processes, and enabling conditions. As an energy consumer, the U.S. can justify energy supply security interventions as critical to national energy security.
AVIATION DIPLOMACY: AIRCRAFT LIVERY IN INDONESIA’S NATION BRANDING Karunya Saka Listianto
Global Komunika : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Vol 9 No 2 (2026): Global Komunika Vol. 9 No. 2 2026
Publisher : FISIP UPNVJ

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Abstract

Aviation diplomacy can be examined from various perspectives in the present era, encompassing aviation companies and their aircraft. The field of international relations focuses on exploring the correlation between nation branding and diplomacy, with particular attention given to how a country portrays itself to the global community. Within the context of Indonesia, this article argues that aviation diplomacy, particularly through aircraft livery, can be regarded as an integral component of a nation's branding strategy. Garuda Indonesia utilizes aircraft livery not only to showcase their compliance with governmental regulations but also to demonstrate their dedication towards endorsing art and culture as fundamental elements of the country's branding endeavors. This article will use a qualitative method to examine the connection between various aircraft liveries in Garuda Indonesia as part of aviation diplomacy in Indonesia's nation branding. The findings conclude that the aircraft liveries employed by Garuda Indonesia play a significant role in aviation diplomacy as a component of Indonesia's nation branding strategy.
Co-Authors June Cahyaningtyas