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All Journal Journal of Mechanical Design and Testing (JMDT)
Yudi Hidayat
PLN Indonesia Power, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering

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Electrochemical Performance of Modified Graphite Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries Eko Prasetya; William Abednego Pardede; Abdulloh Rifai; Muhammad Darma Raditya; Fawaidzdurahman Fawaidzdurahman; Yudi Hidayat
Journal of Mechanical Design and Testing Vol 8, No 1 (2026): Article in Press
Publisher : Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jmdt.121141

Abstract

This study investigates the pilot-scale synthesis and characterization of chemically modified graphite anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), using potassium hydroxide (KOH) etching to enhance surface properties and lithium storage capacity. The low-cost, scalable modification process led to increased interlayer spacing, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), indicating successful structural transformation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed significant morphological changes with increased porosity, while Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface analysis showed a substantial rise in specific surface area, from 10 m²/g to 80 m²/g, confirming the formation of porous structures. Thermogravimetric and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses demonstrated high thermal stability and minimal surface functionalization, respectively. Electrochemical performance was evaluated using 18650 cylindrical cells with LiFePO₄ (LFP) cathodes. Batch 4 and 5 cells exhibited optimal N/P ratios of 1.2–1.3, achieving improved specific capacity and cycle stability. Among all batches, Batch 6 demonstrated the highest capacity retention and coulombic efficiency during rate performance testing. These results highlight the potential of KOH-modified graphite as a high-performance anode material and offer valuable insights into scalable production strategies for next-generation LIBs.
Co-Authors Abdulloh Rifai Eko Prasetya Fawaidzdurahman Fawaidzdurahman Muhammad Darma Raditya William Abednego Pardede