<![CDATA[General Background: Global climate change necessitates a rapid transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Specific Background: While global energy sectors shift toward sustainability, developing nations like Iraq face unique challenges due to their heavy oil dependency and lack of integrated sustainability infrastructure. Knowledge Gap: Iraq’s significant renewable potential is hindered by an underdeveloped understanding of how accounting frameworks can bridge financial reporting and environmental sustainability. Aims: This research examines the critical role of accounting in facilitating Iraq's transition toward renewable energy by identifying systemic obstacles and institutional opportunities. Results: The study demonstrates that sustainability accounting, carbon reporting, and life-cycle costing improve transparency, optimize capital allocation, and mitigate investment risks. Novelty: This research provides a specialized framework detailing how modern accounting instruments previously underutilized in rentier economies can serve as strategic enablers for energy diversification in Iraq. Implications: Adopting standardized environmental accounting practices can improve institutional capacity, foster investor trust, and establish the financial ecosystem necessary for achieving long-term renewable energy objectives and economic stability. Highlights: Modern accounting methodologies serve as essential diagnostic tools to accurately assess the financial viability and environmental performance of renewable infrastructure projects. The implementation of standardized disclosure frameworks addresses institutional information gaps, thereby reducing risk perception and attracting sustainable foreign investment into the Iraqi market. Transitioning toward integrated reporting allows policymakers to better align energy strategies with global sustainable development goals while simultaneously reducing reliance on volatile fossil fuel revenues. Keywords: Green Accounting, Renewable Energy, Sustainability Reporting, Iraq Energy Sector, Carbon Accounting]]>
