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All Journal Multidisciplinary Innovations and Research in Applied Engineering
Andiyanto Andiyanto
Diponegoro University
Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Dynamic Characteristics of SS400 Steel Using Experimental Modal Analysis Andiyanto Andiyanto; Baharudin Priwintoko
Multidisciplinary Innovations and Research in Applied Engineering Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Akademi Inovasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70935/fnxszx83

Abstract

Heat treatment can alter the stiffness-related and energy-dissipation behaviour of structural steels, but its influence on the modal response of SS400 steel is still rarely reported using direct experimental modal testing. This study evaluates the effect of annealing temperature on the dynamic characteristics of SS400 steel specimens under free-free boundary conditions. Four specimen conditions were investigated: raw material and annealed specimens at 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C. Each specimen had dimensions of 200 mm x 20 mm x 5 mm. Experimental modal analysis was conducted using an impact hammer with a fixed uniaxial accelerometer, six roving-hammer measurement points, 10 kHz sampling rate, H1 frequency response function, Hanning windowing, and PolyLSCF stabilization. The first two bending modes were identified. The first natural frequency decreased from 491.655 Hz in the raw material to 434.364 Hz after annealing at 900 °C, corresponding to an 11.65% reduction. The second natural frequency decreased from 1327.165 Hz to 1173.168 Hz, corresponding to an 11.60% reduction. Damping ratios also decreased with increasing annealing temperature, with the largest reduction observed at 900 °C. The results indicate that annealing temperature strongly affects the modal properties of SS400 steel, particularly by reducing frequency- and damping-related indicators at higher temperatures. The contribution of this work is the direct comparison of raw and annealed SS400 modal parameters using the same free-free impact-testing configuration, which provides a baseline modal-response dataset for vibration-sensitive SS400 applications.
Static and Dynamic Performance Evaluation of Three-Wheeled Vehicle Frames Based on Aluminum and High-Grade Steel Using Finite Element Simulation Rahman Yuzif; Andiyanto Andiyanto; baharudin priwintoko
Multidisciplinary Innovations and Research in Applied Engineering Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Akademi Inovasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70935/rfvn0v81

Abstract

The increasing demand for energy efficiency and lightweight transportation has encouraged the development of three-wheeled vehicles with optimized structural frames. This study evaluates the static and dynamic performance of three-wheeled vehicle frames using three high-performance materials Aluminium 7075-T6, S690 steel, and ASTM A572 HSLA 60 steel. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted with Altair HyperWorks to analyze stress distribution, deformation, safety factor, and natural frequency response. Static analysis results indicate that all materials are structurally safe, with S690 steel showing the highest stiffness and safety factor, while Aluminium 7075-T6 provides the greatest strength-to-weight efficiency despite higher deformation. ASTM A572 HSLA 60 offers moderate performance as a cost-effective alternative. Modal analysis reveals similar natural frequency ranges (1.5–3.2 Hz) across all materials, indicating that dynamic behavior is more influenced by geometry than material properties. The findings highlight the trade-off between strength, stiffness, and weight, suggesting Aluminium 7075-T6 as the optimal choice for lightweight and energy-efficient applications, while S690 steel is preferable for heavy-duty requirements. Overall, this research emphasizes a holistic approach in material selection for three-wheeled vehicle frames to balance mechanical strength, vibration characteristics, and energy efficiency.
Failure Analysis of a Rear-Sprocket Mounting (Nap Gear) Bolt in a 145 cc Motorcycle Ambo Ardy Pranowo; Andiyanto Andiyanto; Ruben Sanilo; Hammam Abdirrazzaq Ats Tsaqif
Multidisciplinary Innovations and Research in Applied Engineering Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Akademi Inovasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70935/mdt14h15

Abstract

Rear-sprocket mounting bolts, referred to in this study as nap gear bolts, transmit torque from the rear sprocket assembly to the wheel hub through the damper/bushing interface and may experience repeated transverse shear and bending loads. This study investigates the fracture of a rear-sprocket mounting (nap gear) bolt from a 145 cc motorcycle to determine its material characteristics, fracture mechanism, and mechanical cause of failure. The investigation combined macro-fractographic observation, spark-emission chemical composition testing, optical metallography, Vickers microhardness testing, and finite element analysis of a three-dimensional bolt model. The measured chemistry was consistent with the SAE 1015 low-carbon steel composition range, with 0.137 wt.% C and a ferrite-pearlite microstructure; however, the grade designation is reported as a chemical-consistency assessment rather than a mill-certified material identification. No abnormal microstructural difference or surface-hardening layer was observed between the failed and intact bolts. The hardness values were 179-190 HV0.5 for the failed bolt and 169-183 HV0.5 for the intact bolt. Fractography identified a proposed crack-initiation region, a crack-propagation region with beachmark-like macroscopic features, and a final-fracture region. Finite element analysis predicted a local maximum stress intensity, defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum principal stresses, of 529.6 MPa at the fracture location; the corresponding maximum shear stress was 264.8 MPa. The failure is therefore attributed to fatigue initiated at a stress-concentrated region, while the available evidence does not indicate that material selection or gross metallurgical abnormality was the primary cause.
Co-Authors Ambo Ardy Pranowo Baharudin Priwintoko Baharudin Priwintoko Hammam Abdirrazzaq Ats Tsaqif Rahman Yuzif Ruben Sanilo