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Ebele Josephine Ikwuanusi
Department of Biology Education, Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe, Anambra State, Nigeria
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Energy Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Physics Veterinary

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Morphological Structures of A. Heterophyllus, A. Altilis and A. Camansi Ebele Josephine Ikwuanusi; Alexander Ikechukwu Izundu
Jurnal Scientia Vol. 15 No. 01 (2026): Education and Sosial science 2026
Publisher : Sean Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58471/scientia.v15i01.3105

Abstract

The tropical tree species Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit), Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit), and Artocarpus camansi (breadnut) are highly valuable for global food security, yet their close genetic relationships often lead to taxonomic ambiguities and misidentification. This study evaluated the comparative macromorphological and micromorphological configurations of these three species to establish clear diagnostic boundaries. Plant materials were collected from Aguluezechukwu, Anambra State, Nigeria, and formally authenticated at the Nnamdi Azikiwe University herbarium. Qualitative and quantitative leaf architecture was evaluated using standard botanical frameworks across twenty leaves per species. Qualitative macromorphological assessments revealed that A. heterophyllus possesses simple, elliptical leaves with entire margins and cauliflorous fruiting, whereas A. altilis and A. camansi exhibit terminal fruiting and deeply pinnately lobed laminas. Quantitative morphometric analysis confirmed that A. camansi yields the highest leaf blade length (70.42 +/- 1.48 cm), width (41.50 +/- 0.55 cm), and petiole length (5.68 +/- 0.49 cm), while A. altilis exhibits the highest lateral vein density (27.60 +/- 0.14). Anatomically, A. altilis produces seedless syncarps, contrasting with the many-seeded fruits of A. camansi and A. heterophyllus. In conclusion, explicit vegetative and reproductive structural variations provide definitive taxonomic markers for these taxa. These findings provide essential baseline data for accurate germplasm authentication, biodiversity conservation, and agricultural selection programs.
Assessment of qualitative stem parameter in the Tangential Longitudinal Section (TLS) of Artocarpus heterophyllus, Artocarpus altilis and Artocarpus camansi Ebele Josephine Ikwuanusi
SciencePlus Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): SciencePlus
Publisher : Barkah Publishing

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Abstract

Taxonomy of the genus Artocarpus is sometimes difficult because of similar external morphology. While detailed internal anatomical profiling of secondary xylem tissues is needed to classify the wood correctly, detailed qualitative evaluations of the stem are still relevant for species-level ambiguities across regional species. The aim of this study is the assessment of the qualitative stem parameters of the tangential longitudinal section (TLS) of Artocarpus heterophyllus, Artocarpus altilis and Artocarpus camansi. The plant samples were collected from Aguluezechukwu, Anambra State, Nigeria and were identified by a plant taxonomist with voucher numbers NAUH-264A, NAUH-077B and NAUH-265A respectively. Microscopic analyses showed that the taxa exhibited different structural features. In particular, active vessels, nonstoried septate fibres and a wide range of parenchyma ray structures (uniseriate, biseriate, and prominent multiseriate) were found in A. heterophyllus and A. altilis. A. camansi on the other hand lacks vessels in the planes analyzed tangentially and has a simple ray profile with only uniseriate and biseriate rays and no multiseriate rays. Nonstoried septate fibres, on the other hand, are constant in the three species. Finally, the different micromorphological variations can be useful diagnostic criteria and taxonomic characters for proper species distinction and anatomical identification among the genus Artocarpus.
Co-Authors Alexander Ikechukwu Izundu