Apoina Kartini
Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

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Spatial Distribution of Household Water Contamination Associated with Livestock Waste Along Upstream-Downstream Areas in Ponorogo, Indonesia Inna Sholicha; Onny Setiani; Nurjazuli Nurjazuli; Apoina Kartini
Ruwa Jurai: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Vol. 20 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjung Karang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26630/rj.v20i1.5733

Abstract

Livestock waste is a major source of environmental pollution in rural Indonesia. In general, livestock sanitation and household water quality are still assessed separately, so understanding of contamination pathways in upstream and downstream hydrological systems remains limited. This study aims to explore the spatial distribution of household water contamination associated with livestock waste sanitation and to classify environmental health risks along an upstream-downstream gradient. An exploratory environmental assessment was conducted in three descriptive sub-districts of Ponorogo Regency, representing the upstream (Pudak), transition (Pulung), and downstream (Sooko) areas. Fifteen household water samples were analyzed for microbiological parameters (total coliforms, Escherichia coli) and chemical parameters (BOD, nitrates, NH3), as well as for secondary data on cattle pen sanitation and river water quality. Data were analyzed descriptively and spatially using semi-quantitative risk classification based on exceeding national quality standards. 58% of cattle pens lacked adequate sanitation. BOD levels reached 14 mg/L (which was 2.33 times higher than the national standard), and NH₃ reached 0.64 mg/L (32 times higher). None of the household water samples were eligible for total microbiological testing. Gradients of increased contamination in upstream areas (Pudak) with moderate pollution loads, transition areas (Pulung) with moderate levels of contamination due to upstream exposure, and downstream (Sooko) with high contamination. Contamination patterns show an increased risk gradient from upstream to downstream waste sources. Improving cattle pen sanitation and livestock waste management in upstream areas is needed as a priority for environmental health interventions.
Integrated Situational Analysis of Chronic Energy Deficiency to Inform A Community-Based Mentoring Model in Indonesia Moch Taufik Hidayatullah; Sri Achadi Nugraheni; Bagoes Widjanarko; Apoina Kartini
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI Tingkat Pusat) and Jejaring Nasional Pendidikan Kesehatan (JNPK)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v21i4.48410

Abstract

Maternal malnutrition in Central Lombok remains a challenge. This study aimed to identify multilevel determinants of chronic energy deficiency among pregnant women through an integrated situational analysis using a mixed-methods approach to inform a community-based mentoring model in Indonesia. A sequential exploratory mixedmethods design was conducted in 2025 at the district health office and five community health centers. The qualitative phase used purposive sampling of stakeholders and cadres, while the quantitative phase included 206 pregnant women with mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) <23.5 cm selected through cluster random sampling. The dependent variable was MUAC status, with independent variables including maternal characteristics, dietary intake, food taboos, antenatal care (ANC), iron–folate supplementation, mentoring exposure, knowledge, and attitudes. Data were analyzed using contingency coefficients and multiple logistic regression. Food taboos were reported by 43.2% and were significantly associated with MUAC (p=0.023). Energy and protein inadequacy were 91.3% and 84.0%, respectively. ANC attendance (94.7%) and iron–folate use (91.3%) were high. High-risk maternal age increased the odds of lower  MUAC (OR=2.364; 95% CI:1.208–4.629), while higher education decreased the odds (OR=0.528; 95% CI:0.279–0.998). Mentoring exposure (OR=2.636; 95% CI:1.238–5.612) and parity (OR=1.610; 95% CI:1.122–2.310) were also significant. These findings inform community-based mentoring models focusing on dietary behavior and social context.