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All Journal Sinkron : Jurnal dan Penelitian Teknik Informatika Journal of Computer Networks, Architecture and High Performance Computing
Mhd Adi Setiawan Aritonang
Batam Institute of Technology, Indonesia
Computer Science & IT Education

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Design and Implementation of a Real-Time IoT-Enabled Embedded Monitoring Architecture for an Off-Grid Infant Incubator Joni Candra; Mhd Adi Setiawan Aritonang; Muhammad Nazwan
Journal of Computer Networks, Architecture and High Performance Computing Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Research Paper April 2026
Publisher : Information Technology and Science (ITScience)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47709/cnahpc.v8i2.8323

Abstract

Reliable real-time monitoring of infant incubators is essential in off-grid and resource-limited environments, where unstable power supply and limited infrastructure often compromise continuous operation and data reliability. This study aims to design and implement a real-time IoT-enabled embedded monitoring architecture that addresses the lack of dependable data acquisition and remote monitoring for infant incubators operating under off-grid conditions. The proposed system is developed using a microcontroller-based embedded platform integrated with temperature and environmental sensors, wireless communication modules, and a cloud-based data service. An off-grid photovoltaic power system supports continuous operation, while the embedded architecture is designed with power-aware and real-time constraints. The system adopts an edge-to-cloud approach, enabling local data acquisition and processing at the embedded level and real-time data transmission to a remote monitoring interface. The research methodology includes system architecture design, embedded firmware development, IoT communication implementation, and experimental performance evaluation under continuous off-grid operation. System performance is quantitatively evaluated in terms of data acquisition reliability, communication latency, real-time responsiveness, and operational stability. Experimental results show that the system achieves stable real-time monitoring with an average end-to-end communication latency below 200 ms, a sampling rate of 1 Hz, and continuous operation reliability exceeding 99% uptime during extended off-grid testing. The results demonstrate that integrating real-time embedded systems with IoT-based architecture significantly enhances monitoring reliability for infant incubators in off-grid environments. This study contributes a scalable embedded–IoT monitoring framework that can be extended to other cyber-physical systems operating under constrained energy and infrastructure conditions
INTEGRATED PERFORMANCE AND IOT-BASED RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF OFF-GRID PV SYSTEMS Joni Eka Candra; Mhd Adi Setiawan Aritonang; Muhammad Nazwan
Sinkron : jurnal dan penelitian teknik informatika Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): Article Research July 2026
Publisher : Politeknik Ganesha Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33395/sinkron.v10i3.16102

Abstract

Island regions often face unreliable electricity supply due to limited grid infrastructure, resulting in high dependence on diesel generators with significant economic and environmental drawbacks. This study aims to evaluate the performance and reliability of an Internet of Things (IoT)-integrated off-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) system implemented in a small island setting. A 400 Wp off-grid PV system was deployed on Pulau Puteri, Indonesia, and equipped with an IoT-based monitoring platform to enable real-time acquisition of operational data. The methodology includes system design, installation, and continuous monitoring over a 30-day period with 5-minute data intervals. System performance was assessed using Performance Ratio (PR) and Capacity Factor (CF). The system produced 1.6–2.1 kWh/day with PR values of 0.75–0.82 and CF of 16.7%–21.9%, indicating efficient and stable operation under tropical conditions. IoT monitoring enabled continuous data acquisition and early anomaly detection, improving operational reliability. The results confirm that the system meets international performance benchmarks and provides a feasible solution for decentralized energy systems in remote islands. The study contributes an integrated framework combining real-time IoT monitoring and standardized performance evaluation using field data.  
Co-Authors Joni Candra Joni Eka Candra Muhammad Nazwan