<![CDATA[The increasing complexity of upstream oil and gas operations presents significant communication challenges in improving public understanding and stakeholder engagement. Conventional communication approaches, such as brochures, presentations, and public meetings, often fail to effectively convey technical information and environmental management practices to nontechnical audiences. Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as an innovative communication technology capable of providing immersive and interactive experiences that enhance public comprehension of complex industrial activities. This study aims to examine the strategic role of VR as a communication medium for enhancing public understanding of upstream oil and gas operations. A qualitative research approach was employed using a literature review method. Relevant literature published between 2015 and 2025 was collected from Scopus, ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis Online, Emerald Insight, and Google Scholar. The selected publications were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns regarding the communication functions, opportunities, and implementation challenges of VR. The findings reveal three major themes. First, VR enhances public understanding by transforming complex technical information into immersive communication experiences that facilitate experiential learning. Second, VR strengthens stakeholder engagement and public trust by promoting transparency, reducing information asymmetry, and supporting interactive communication between industrial organizations and surrounding communities. Third, successful VR implementation requires strategic investment, technological infrastructure, institutional readiness, and interdisciplinary collaboration despite its considerable long term communication benefits.]]>
