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All Journal Al-Mizan (e-Journal)
Suslianto Suslianto
Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo, Indonesia
Religion Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Ketika Korban Menjadi Terdakwa: Analisis Yuridis Pemenuhan Unsur Noodweer dalam Perkara Nomor 70/Pid/B/2024/PN.Lbo dan 133/Pid.B/2024/PN.Lbo Tiara Aulia Syam; Warsito Kasim; Suslianto Suslianto
Al-Mizan (e-Journal) Vol. 22 No. 1 (2026): Al-Mizan (e-Journal) (in press)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Amai Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30603/am.v22i1.7707

Abstract

The necessity defense (noodweer) constitutes a ground for excluding criminal liability that legitimizes defensive acts against unlawful attacks. Although codified under Article 49 of the Penal Code and reaffirmed in Articles 34–35 of Law No. 1 of 2023 on the National Criminal Code, its judicial application remains inconsistent in practice. This study examines Case No. 133/Pid.B/2024/PN.Lbo, in which the defendant had been judicially recognized as a victim in the prior Decision No. 70/Pid.B/2024/PN.Lbo, yet whose noodweer claim was nonetheless rejected. Employing a normative-empirical approach through doctrinal analysis, case study, and interviews with judges and advocates at the Limboto District Court, this study finds that the adjudicating panel confined its reasoning to the formal elements of assault under Article 351(1) of the Penal Code, without conducting a cumulative doctrinal assessment of subsidiarity, proportionality, and culpa in causa. The panel further characterized the incident as a mutual fight, thereby negating the defendants' defensive posture. This study argues that noodweer claims must be evaluated cumulatively and contextually to guarantee legal certainty and substantive justice.
Co-Authors Tiara Aulia Syam Warsito Kasim