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All Journal Ensiklopedia Research and Community Service Review
A.Haidar Muhammad Bagir
Universitas Prima Nusantara Bukittinggi
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Mechanical Engineering Social Sciences Other

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CYBER SOVEREIGNTY AND CYBERCRIME REGULATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDONESIA’S ITE LAW AND MALAYSIA’S COMPUTER CRIMES ACT A.Haidar Muhammad Bagir
Ensiklopedia Research and Community Service Review Vol 5, No 2 (2026): Vol. 5 No. 2 Februari 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/err.v5i2.3800

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Abstract: Based on a comparative analysis of the development of cybercrime regulations in Indonesia and Malaysia, it can be concluded that both countries recognize the urgency of strengthening cyber sovereignty as part of protecting national interests in the digital era. However, the normative and philosophical approaches used show quite fundamental differences. Indonesia, through the 2008 Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE) Law, its 2016 revision, and the second amendment in 2024 (Law No. 1 of 2024), developed a broad and comprehensive regulatory model. These regulations not only regulate technical acts of cybercrime such as illegal access and data manipulation, but also encompass dimensions of digital content, including insults, hate speech, and the distribution of prohibited information. The 2024 revision demonstrates the country's efforts to clarify norms, align with the new Criminal Code, and respond to developments in digital technology. However, the main challenges remain: consistent law enforcement, the potential for multiple interpretations of norms, and the need to improve the capacity of law enforcement officers. In contrast, Malaysia, through the Computer Crimes Act 1997 (Act 563), initially adopted a more technical and limited approach, focusing on illegal access and misuse of computer systems. However, recent developments through the Cyber Security Act 2024 indicate a paradigm shift toward a more structural and risk-management-based approach, particularly in protecting the nation's critical information infrastructure. These reforms demonstrate Malaysia's focus on strengthening cybersecurity systems and risk governance, rather than solely criminalizing digital content.Keywords: Cybercrime, Indonesia, Malaysia.
PROGRAM MAKAN BERGIZI GRATIS DALAM PERSPEKTIF POLITIK HUKUM ISLAM A.Haidar Muhammad Bagir
Ensiklopedia Research and Community Service Review Vol 5, No 3 (2026): Vol. 5 No. 3 Juni 2026
Publisher : Ensiklopedia Research and Community Service Review

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/err.v5i3.4062

Abstract

Abstract: This article analyzes the Free Nutritional Meal Program (MBG) from the perspective of maqashid al-syariah, focusing on the concepts of maslahah, mafsadah, and their levels. The MBG program aims to improve the quality of public health and welfare by fulfilling nutritional needs, especially for children and vulnerable groups. However, its implementation also has the potential to cause mafsadah, such as issues with distribution, food quality, and budget misuse. This study aims to examine the extent to which the MBG program aligns with the objectives of maqashid al-syariah in realizing maslahah and minimizing damage. This study uses a normative legal method with a conceptual and philosophical approach. Data were obtained through a literature review of journal articles, scientific literature, and relevant policy documents. The analysis was conducted descriptively and analytically by examining the forms of maslahah and mafsadah based on the levels of dharuriyyah, hajiyyah, and tahsiniyyah. The results show that the MBG program has a dominant maslahah orientation because it is related to the protection of life, mind, and offspring, thus including maslahah dharuriyyah. However, the potential for mafsadah can still arise if its implementation is not carried out transparently, fairly and on target.Keywords: Free Nutritious Meal Program, Maqashid Al-Syariah, Maslahah, Mafsadah
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