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All Journal DIMENSI: Journal of Architecture and Built Environment
Lily Tambunan
Building Technology Research Group, School of Architecture, Planning, and Policy Development, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

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Improving Fire Evacuation Routes: Non-Structural Barriers and Community Risk Perception Anggun V. M. Anes; Dewi Larasati; Hanson E Kusuma; Lily Tambunan
DIMENSI: Journal of Architecture and Built Environment Vol. 53 No. 1 (2026): JULY 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach, Petra Christian University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/dimensi.53.1.81-93

Abstract

Highly populated areas are prone to fire hazards; hence, there is a need for proper evacuation routes. The high building density and limited access roads obstruct movement during emergencies. Most previous studies focused on structural barriers, while non-structural factors like community behavior, preparedness, and risk perception have received less attention. This paper will present an analysis of the impact of both evacuation barriers and community risk perception on recommended fire evacuation route improvements in highly populated areas. A sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach was used, with qualitative data from 111 respondents and quantitative data from 278 respondents analyzed through multivariate linear regression. The results indicate that non-structural barriers, preparedness levels, and community anxiety significantly influence recommendations for improving evacuation routes, while structural barriers have no effect. These findings confirm that behavioral and social barriers are more dominant than physical barriers in densely populated settlements. This study recommends improving risk literacy, conducting evacuation simulations, and establishing resident-based fire response teams to strengthen community-based mitigation.
Co-Authors Anggun V. M. Anes Hanson E Kusuma Indira Larasati Dewi