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All Journal PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Intelligent Computing
Muh. Imran Bachtiar
Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang
Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy

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Performance Analysis of 100 KVA Generator Set as AC Backup Supply at Panakukang Electrical Substation Muh. Imran Bachtiar; Andi Wawan Indrawan; Muammar Abidin; Syarifuddin Nojeng; Mochammad Apriyadi Hadi Sirad
International Journal Of Electrical Engineering and Inteligent Computing Vol 3 No 2 (2026): International Journal Of Electrical Engineering And Intelligent Computing
Publisher : Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/ijeeic.v3i2.12162

Abstract

Substation AC backup supply reliability is critical for sustaining auxiliary equipment operation during grid blackouts. Prior studies on genset sizing and motor starting have not specifically addressed substation AC backup systems integrating continuous loads, non-continuous motor loads, and comparative starting methods. This study evaluates the adequacy of the existing 100 kVA prime / 110 kVA standby genset at Panakkukang Substation using field data collection and ETAP 19.0.1 simulation. The total continuous load is 9.342 kW, requiring a minimum genset capacity of 11.675 kW after applying a 46.7% demand factor and 125% safety factor (per NFPA 110 and ISO 8528-1). The existing genset adequately covers continuous loads at only 10.62% of standby capacity. However, simultaneous starting of the hydrant and oil pump motors exceeds genset capability under all methods tested: Direct-On-Line (DOL) causes a 24.00% voltage dip requiring 463.74 kVA; Wye-Delta reduces voltage dip to 17.48% requiring 231.87 kVA; and VFD limits voltage dip to below 3% requiring only 159.17 kVA, compliant with IEEE Std 1159-2019. This study recommends upgrading genset capacity to at least 160 kVA and adopting VFD motor starting to ensure reliable substation AC backup supply.
Impact of Reactive Power Fluctuation on the Performance and Insulation Loss-of-Life Rate of Industrial Power Transformers: A Case Study of the PT Semen Tonasa Electrical System Muh. Imran Bachtiar; Aksan; Rahmat Budiansa
PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Vol 13 No 2 (2026): Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/protk.v13i2.12746

Abstract

Power transformer performance is strongly influenced by reactive power (VAR), yet the quantitative link between VAR fluctuation and insulation loss-of-life in heavy industrial systems remains under-documented. This study analyzes that link for six 70 kV power transformers (three at the Tonasa IV and three at the Tonasa V substations, 31.5–40 MVA) in the electrical system of PT Semen Tonasa, combining SCADA operational data, an ETAP load-flow simulation, and an analytical ageing-rate calculation based on IEC 60076-7. Varying reactive power from 1 to 10 MVAR at a fixed active power of 10 MW increased the loading level from 31.41% to 44.19% of the 80% operating limit, consistent with S = √(P²+Q²). SCADA records showed current rising and primary-side voltage falling as VAR increased, with all voltages (66.68–68.95 kV) remaining within ±10% of nominal. For the three Tonasa V units, hotspot temperatures of 65.42–75.23°C and loss-of-life rates of 0.022–0.069 pu/day were obtained, well below the 98°C/V = 1 design reference; Transformer #1 aged roughly 3.1 times faster than Transformer #2, reflecting its higher average loading (63.4% vs. 36.5% of the operating limit). The extrapolated remaining-life figures (79.7–250 years) are indicative rather than literal, given the short (3–5-day) SCADA window; the loss-of-life rate is therefore treated as the primary, more defensible indicator. Reactive-power compensation via capacitor banks or static var compensators is recommended to limit current, hotspot temperature, and insulation ageing.
Co-Authors Aksan Andi Wawan Indrawan Mochammad Apriyadi Hadi Sirad Muammar Abidin Rahmat Budiansa SYARIFUDDIN NOJENG