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All Journal Eureka Herba Indonesia Sriwijaya Journal of Radiology and Imaging Research
Arsan Saliha
Department of Internal Medicine, Phlox Institute, Palembang, Indonesia
Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Physics

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Tinospora crispa Phytosome Enhances Oral Bioavailability and Glycemic Control in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Arsan Saliha; Adolfo Rawlings; Louisa Istarini
Eureka Herba Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Eureka Herba Indonesia
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/ehi.v6i2.139

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus remains a major global health challenge with rising prevalence in Southeast Asia, where traditional herbal remedies continue to play a significant role in disease management. Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson (Menispermaceae), locally known as brotowali in Indonesian jamu medicine, exhibits anti-diabetic properties attributed to its alkaloid and diterpenoid constituents; however, the oral bioavailability of its key bioactive compound berberine remains limited at approximately 5%. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic enhancement and anti-diabetic efficacy of a novel Tinospora crispa phytosome in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were allocated to five groups (n = 6): normal control, diabetic control, diabetic plus metformin (200 mg/kg), diabetic plus T. crispa free extract (400 mg/kg), and diabetic plus T. crispa phytosome (400 mg/kg), given orally for 28 days. The phytosome achieved a 3.14-fold enhancement in relative oral bioavailability (AUC0–24: 1524.7 ± 185.4 versus 486.3 ± 62.8 ng·h/mL, p < 0.001) and a higher peak plasma berberine concentration (Cmax: 387.2 ± 42.3 versus 124.5 ± 18.7 ng/mL, p < 0.001). After 28 days, the phytosome group showed significant reductions in fasting blood glucose (148.6 ± 19.2 versus 328.4 ± 42.5 mg/dL, p < 0.001) and HbA1c (6.1 ± 0.6 versus 9.2 ± 1.1%, p < 0.001), with an improved lipid profile comparable to metformin and large effect sizes (Cohen's d: 3.51–6.22). These findings indicate that phytosome technology effectively enhances the bioavailability and anti-diabetic efficacy of T. crispa, supporting its development as a standardized herbal complementary therapy for diabetes mellitus.
Longitudinal MRI-PDFF Quantification of Hepatic Steatosis Reversibility During SGLT2-Inhibitor versus GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy: A Prospective Cohort Study Arsan Saliha; Dedi Sucipto; Mischa Chantal Adella; Ericca Dominique Perez
Sriwijaya Journal of Radiology and Imaging Research Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Sriwijaya Journal of Radiology and Imaging Research
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjrir.v3i2.292

Abstract

Introduction: Precise quantification of hepatic steatosis is central to managing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). MRI proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) has displaced biopsy as a reproducible biomarker, yet real-world comparative monitoring data and formal early-response prediction remain scarce in Indonesian practice. We quantified steatosis reversibility on serial MRI-PDFF during SGLT2-inhibitor versus GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy and tested whether an early scan predicts response. Methods: In this prospective cohort at a tertiary hospital in Palembang, Indonesia, 90 adults with MASLD (baseline PDFF ≥5.5%) were grouped by prescribed therapy (SGLT2i, n=45; GLP-1 RA, n=45) and imaged at baseline, Month 3 and Month 6 on a 3.0 T scanner using a confounder-corrected 3D multi-echo spoiled gradient-echo sequence. Two blinded radiologists measured PDFF across Couinaud segments V/VI/VIII; response was a ≥30% relative reduction. Analyses (STARD 2015) included linear mixed-effects modelling, κ and intraclass correlation, ROC (DeLong), likelihood ratios and multivariable logistic regression. Results: PDFF fell in both arms (both p<0.001; partial η²=0.66 and 0.79). Responder rate was 75.6% (95% CI 61.3–85.8) with GLP-1 RA versus 40.0% (27.0–54.5) with SGLT2i (OR 4.64; p=0.001). A Month-3 decline ≥16.9% predicted Month-6 response with AUC 0.895 (0.823–0.967), sensitivity 96.2%, specificity 78.9%, LR+ 4.57, LR− 0.05. Inter-reader agreement was near-perfect (ICC 0.986; κ 0.861). GLP-1 RA therapy and higher baseline PDFF independently predicted response. Conclusion: Serial MRI-PDFF reliably quantified pharmacologically-induced steatosis reversibility, with GLP-1 RA producing greater fat loss and an early scan accurately triaging responders. MRI-PDFF is a robust, decision-useful monitoring biomarker deployable in tertiary settings.
Co-Authors Adolfo Rawlings Dedi Sucipto Ericca Dominique Perez Louisa Istarini Mischa Chantal Adella