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All Journal Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology Eureka Herba Indonesia
Taufiq Indera Jayadi
Department of Radiology, Phlox Institute, Palembang, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

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Tinospora crispa Phytosome Enhances Oral Bioavailability and Glycemic Control in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Dedi Sucipto; Taufiq Indera Jayadi; Bryan Helsey
Eureka Herba Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Eureka Herba Indonesia
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/ehi.v7i1.143

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus remains a major global health challenge with rising prevalence in Southeast Asia, where traditional herbal remedies continue to play a significant role in disease management. Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson (Menispermaceae), locally known as brotowali in Indonesian jamu medicine, exhibits anti-diabetic properties attributed to its alkaloid and diterpenoid constituents; however, the oral bioavailability of its key bioactive compound berberine remains limited at approximately 5%. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic enhancement and anti-diabetic efficacy of a novel Tinospora crispa phytosome in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were allocated to five groups (n = 6): normal control, diabetic control, diabetic plus metformin (200 mg/kg), diabetic plus T. crispa free extract (400 mg/kg), and diabetic plus T. crispa phytosome (400 mg/kg), given orally for 28 days. The phytosome achieved a 3.14-fold enhancement in relative oral bioavailability (AUC0–24: 1524.7 ± 185.4 versus 486.3 ± 62.8 ng·h/mL, p < 0.001) and a higher peak plasma berberine concentration (Cmax: 387.2 ± 42.3 versus 124.5 ± 18.7 ng/mL, p < 0.001). After 28 days, the phytosome group showed significant reductions in fasting blood glucose (148.6 ± 19.2 versus 328.4 ± 42.5 mg/dL, p < 0.001) and HbA1c (6.1 ± 0.6 versus 9.2 ± 1.1%, p < 0.001), with an improved lipid profile comparable to metformin and large effect sizes (Cohen's d: 3.51–6.22). These findings indicate that phytosome technology effectively enhances the bioavailability and anti-diabetic efficacy of T. crispa, supporting its development as a standardized herbal complementary therapy for diabetes mellitus.
Retinal Microvascular Changes on OCT-Angiography in Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease: A Prospective Indonesian Cohort Study Taufiq Indera Jayadi; Eva Naritawati; Akmal Hasan
Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology
Publisher : Department of Opthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/sjo.v8i1.134

Abstract

Introduction: Preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves cerebral amyloid deposition in cognitively normal individuals 15–20 years before symptom onset. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) may detect early retinal microvascular changes reflecting cerebral pathology. This study evaluated OCT-A parameters as biomarkers for preclinical AD in Indonesian elderly. Methods: This prospective cohort enrolled 180 cognitively normal participants aged ≥60 years (90 preclinical AD with amyloid-PET positivity, 90 controls) at two private hospital ophthalmology clinics in Palembang and Jakarta, Indonesia (January 2022–June 2024). OCT-A (RTVue XR Avanti) measured superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) vessel density, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, and perfusion density. SD-OCT assessed RNFL and GCL-IPL thickness. The unit of analysis was the individual eye (342 eyes after quality exclusion). Results: SCP vessel density was significantly reduced in preclinical AD (43.2 ± 3.1% vs 47.8 ± 2.9%; Bonferroni-adjusted p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 1.53). FAZ area was enlarged (0.38 ± 0.08 vs 0.31 ± 0.06 mm²; p < 0.001). The combined model (SCP + FAZ + GCL-IPL) achieved a bootstrap-validated AUC of 0.898 (95% CI: 0.859–0.937). SCP vessel density was the strongest predictor (OR 0.72; 95% CI: 0.63–0.82; p < 0.001). Conclusion: OCT-A parameters, particularly SCP vessel density, demonstrated strong discriminative ability for preclinical AD. These findings support OCT-A as a potential non-invasive screening biomarker, warranting validation in community-based populations.
Retinal Microvascular Changes on OCT-Angiography in Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease: A Prospective Indonesian Cohort Study Taufiq Indera Jayadi; Eva Naritawati; Akmal Hasan
Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology
Publisher : Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/sjo.v8i1.134

Abstract

Introduction: Preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves cerebral amyloid deposition in cognitively normal individuals 15–20 years before symptom onset. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) may detect early retinal microvascular changes reflecting cerebral pathology. This study evaluated OCT-A parameters as biomarkers for preclinical AD in Indonesian elderly. Methods: This prospective cohort enrolled 180 cognitively normal participants aged ≥60 years (90 preclinical AD with amyloid-PET positivity, 90 controls) at two private hospital ophthalmology clinics in Palembang and Jakarta, Indonesia (January 2022–June 2024). OCT-A (RTVue XR Avanti) measured superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) vessel density, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, and perfusion density. SD-OCT assessed RNFL and GCL-IPL thickness. The unit of analysis was the individual eye (342 eyes after quality exclusion). Results: SCP vessel density was significantly reduced in preclinical AD (43.2 ± 3.1% vs 47.8 ± 2.9%; Bonferroni-adjusted p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 1.53). FAZ area was enlarged (0.38 ± 0.08 vs 0.31 ± 0.06 mm²; p < 0.001). The combined model (SCP + FAZ + GCL-IPL) achieved a bootstrap-validated AUC of 0.898 (95% CI: 0.859–0.937). SCP vessel density was the strongest predictor (OR 0.72; 95% CI: 0.63–0.82; p < 0.001). Conclusion: OCT-A parameters, particularly SCP vessel density, demonstrated strong discriminative ability for preclinical AD. These findings support OCT-A as a potential non-invasive screening biomarker, warranting validation in community-based populations.
Co-Authors Akmal Hasan Bryan Helsey Dedi Sucipto Eva Naritawati