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Tinospora crispa Phytosome Enhances Oral Bioavailability and Glycemic Control in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Dedi Sucipto; Taufiq Indera Jayadi; Bryan Helsey
Eureka Herba Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Eureka Herba Indonesia
Publisher : HM Publisher in collaboration with CMHC Research Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/ehi.v7i1.143

Background: Diabetes mellitus remains a major global health challenge with rising prevalence in Southeast Asia, where traditional herbal remedies continue to play a significant role in disease management. Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson (Menispermaceae), known locally as brotowali in Indonesian jamu medicine, exhibits anti-diabetic properties attributed to its alkaloid and diterpenoid constituents; however, the oral bioavailability of its key bioactive compound berberine remains below 5%. Objective: To evaluate the pharmacokinetic enhancement and anti-diabetic efficacy of a Tinospora crispa phytosome in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were allocated to five groups (n = 6): normal control, diabetic control, diabetic plus metformin (200 mg/kg), diabetic plus T. crispa free extract (400 mg/kg), and diabetic plus T. crispa phytosome (400 mg/kg), given orally for 28 days; a separate single-dose pharmacokinetic study used 12 healthy rats. Results: The phytosome achieved a 3.14-fold enhancement in relative oral bioavailability (AUC0–24: 1524.7 ± 185.4 versus 486.3 ± 62.8 ng·h/mL, p < 0.001) and a higher peak plasma berberine concentration (Cmax: 387.2 ± 42.3 versus 124.5 ± 18.7 ng/mL, p < 0.001). After 28 days, the phytosome group showed reductions in fasting blood glucose (148.6 ± 19.2 versus 328.4 ± 42.5 mg/dL, p < 0.001) and HbA1c (6.1 ± 0.6 versus 9.2 ± 1.1%, p < 0.001), with an improved lipid profile comparable to metformin and large effect sizes (Cohen’s d: 3.51–6.22). Conclusion: Phytosome technology increases the bioavailability and anti-diabetic efficacy of T. crispa, supporting its development as a standardized herbal complementary therapy for diabetes mellitus.

Retinal Microvascular Changes on OCT-Angiography in Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease: A Prospective Indonesian Cohort Study Taufiq Indera Jayadi; Eva Naritawati; Akmal Hasan
Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology
Publisher : Department of Opthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/sjo.v8i1.134

Introduction: Preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves cerebral amyloid deposition in cognitively normal individuals 15–20 years before symptom onset. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) may detect early retinal microvascular changes reflecting cerebral pathology. This study evaluated OCT-A parameters as biomarkers for preclinical AD in Indonesian elderly. Methods: This prospective cohort enrolled 180 cognitively normal participants aged ≥60 years (90 preclinical AD with amyloid-PET positivity, 90 controls) at two private hospital ophthalmology clinics in Palembang and Jakarta, Indonesia (January 2022–June 2024). OCT-A (RTVue XR Avanti) measured superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) vessel density, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, and perfusion density. SD-OCT assessed RNFL and GCL-IPL thickness. The unit of analysis was the individual eye (342 eyes after quality exclusion). Results: SCP vessel density was significantly reduced in preclinical AD (43.2 ± 3.1% vs 47.8 ± 2.9%; Bonferroni-adjusted p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 1.53). FAZ area was enlarged (0.38 ± 0.08 vs 0.31 ± 0.06 mm²; p < 0.001). The combined model (SCP + FAZ + GCL-IPL) achieved a bootstrap-validated AUC of 0.898 (95% CI: 0.859–0.937). SCP vessel density was the strongest predictor (OR 0.72; 95% CI: 0.63–0.82; p < 0.001). Conclusion: OCT-A parameters, particularly SCP vessel density, demonstrated strong discriminative ability for preclinical AD. These findings support OCT-A as a potential non-invasive screening biomarker, warranting validation in community-based populations.

Retinal Microvascular Changes on OCT-Angiography in Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease: A Prospective Indonesian Cohort Study Taufiq Indera Jayadi; Eva Naritawati; Akmal Hasan
Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology
Publisher : Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/sjo.v8i1.134

Introduction: Preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves cerebral amyloid deposition in cognitively normal individuals 15–20 years before symptom onset. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) may detect early retinal microvascular changes reflecting cerebral pathology. This study evaluated OCT-A parameters as biomarkers for preclinical AD in Indonesian elderly. Methods: This prospective cohort enrolled 180 cognitively normal participants aged ≥60 years (90 preclinical AD with amyloid-PET positivity, 90 controls) at two private hospital ophthalmology clinics in Palembang and Jakarta, Indonesia (January 2022–June 2024). OCT-A (RTVue XR Avanti) measured superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) vessel density, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, and perfusion density. SD-OCT assessed RNFL and GCL-IPL thickness. The unit of analysis was the individual eye (342 eyes after quality exclusion). Results: SCP vessel density was significantly reduced in preclinical AD (43.2 ± 3.1% vs 47.8 ± 2.9%; Bonferroni-adjusted p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 1.53). FAZ area was enlarged (0.38 ± 0.08 vs 0.31 ± 0.06 mm²; p < 0.001). The combined model (SCP + FAZ + GCL-IPL) achieved a bootstrap-validated AUC of 0.898 (95% CI: 0.859–0.937). SCP vessel density was the strongest predictor (OR 0.72; 95% CI: 0.63–0.82; p < 0.001). Conclusion: OCT-A parameters, particularly SCP vessel density, demonstrated strong discriminative ability for preclinical AD. These findings support OCT-A as a potential non-invasive screening biomarker, warranting validation in community-based populations.

Neurocomputational Decoding of Feigned Psychosis: Frontoparietal Cognitive Control Activation and Support Vector Machine Classification for Objective Forensic Symptom Validity Assessment in Indonesia Taufiq Indera Jayadi; Taryudi Suharyana; Vita Amanda; Brenda Jaleel
Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal
Publisher : Phlox Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjfm.v2i2.360

Background. Detecting feigned psychiatric symptoms is a high-stakes problem in Indonesian forensic evaluation (visum et repertum psychiatricum). Current assessment relies on clinical interview and psychometric symptom validity tests, which can be manipulated. Objective. To examine whether functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) combined with supervised machine learning can separate feigned from genuine psychosis in an Indonesian forensic cohort. Methods. In this multi-center case-control study, 90 right-handed men formed three groups of 30: malingered psychosis (MAL), genuine psychosis (PAT) and healthy controls (HC). Participants completed clinical and symptom validity assessment and a 3 T block-design symptom endorsement task. Activation (MAL > PAT) was modeled in SPM12. Support vector machine (SVM) and random forest classifiers using regional activation and connectivity features were evaluated with stratified 10-fold cross-validation. Results. MAL > PAT showed greater activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (Z = 5.31), bilateral dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior insula and inferior parietal lobule (family-wise error cluster-corrected p < 0.05). A radial basis function SVM on combined features classified MAL versus PAT with accuracy 83.3% (50/60), sensitivity 80.0%, specificity 86.7% and area under the curve (AUC) 0.88; a random forest reached 81.7% (49/60). Estimates come from one cross-validation without independent validation, and MAL was defined by psychometric tests. Conclusion. Frontoparietal and cingulo-insular activation patterns are candidate markers that separated feigned from genuine psychosis in this sample and are consistent with greater cognitive-control demand during feigned endorsement. They may become a useful adjunct to conventional evaluation only after independent validation.

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