Rudy Agus Gemilang Gultom
Indonesia Defense University

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A Classification of Debunking in Indonesian Fact-Checking Platforms Using NLP and Machine Learning : A Mixed-Methods Approach with Corpus Analysis and IndoBERT: Klasifikasi Pembantahan dalam Platform Pengecekan Fakta Indonesia Menggunakan NLP dan Machine Learning: Pendekatan Metode Campuran dengan Corpus Analysis dan IndoBERT Bayu Hartono; Riduan Riduan; Rudy Agus Gemilang Gultom; Hondor Saragih
Journal of Data Insights Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Journal of Data Insights
Publisher : Department of Sains Data UNIMUS Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26714/jodi.v4i1.1182

Abstract

The rapid spread of disinformation through digital platforms constitutes a serious threat to social cohesion and public health. Debunking—the systematic refutation of false information using verified evidence—has emerged as a key countermeasure, yet manual identification and classification of debunking strategies is labor-intensive and difficult to scale. This study addresses this gap through a mixed-methods design integrating qualitative corpus analysis with automated machine learning (ML) classification. A corpus of 120 debunking articles published by three leading Indonesian fact-checking institutions (Kominfo AIS, Mafindo, and Cek Fakta Kompas, 2022–2024) was first manually annotated by two trained coders (Cohen's κ = 0.82) to identify four dominant debunking strategies: (1) contextual correction with emotional narrative framing; (2) source authority endorsement; (3) visual verification and reverse image search; and (4) myth-versus-fact inoculation format. This annotated corpus was subsequently used as a training dataset to develop and benchmark five NLP-based text classification models: TF-IDF + Support Vector Machine (SVM), TF-IDF + Random Forest, IndoBERT fine-tuned, IndoBERT with data augmentation (IndoBERT-Aug), and XGBoost with linguistic features. The IndoBERT-Aug model achieved the highest overall performance (macro-averaged F1 = 0.847, Precision = 0.851, Recall = 0.843), substantially outperforming the SVM baseline (F1 = 0.612). Logistic regression analysis further identified three significant moderators of debunking effectiveness: correction timeliness within 6 hours (OR=2.80, p<0.01), content readability (OR=0.68, p<0.01), and multi-platform distribution (OR=1.84, p<0.05), with the full model explaining 41% of variance (Nagelkerke R²=0.41). These contributions are formalized into the Indonesian Debunking Effectiveness Model (IDEM), a framework integrating automated strategy detection with evidence-based deployment guidelines for scalable counter-disinformation operations.
Design of Antasena: an AI-powered maritime surveillance and anomaly detection system for security decision support Arif Badrudin; Siswo Hadi Sumantri; Rudy Agus Gemilang Gultom; I Nengah Putra Apriyanto; Umi Laili Yuhana; Fitria Dwi Ratnasari
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 15, No 1: February 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v15.i1.pp269-288

Abstract

Indonesia’s vast maritime territory faces serious challenges from illegal fishing, smuggling, and habitat destruction. To address these, the Indonesian Navy (TNI-AL) developed Antasena, an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered smart dashboard integrating automatic identification system (AIS) data, satellite imagery, and conservation metrics. Antasena leverages advanced anomaly detection algorithms, achieving 95.3% accuracy, 94.7% precision, 94.2% recall, and a 96.8% receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve (ROC-AUC) score in identifying vessel anomalies, including unauthorized fishing and smuggling activities. Using the analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate (ADDIE) framework, the system supports real-time maritime surveillance and biodiversity monitoring in conservation zones. The main contributions of this study include the development of a user-centric AI-based dashboard for maritime anomaly detection, the integration of multi-source data with machine learning models, and validation through operational field tests with maritime authorities. Antasena offers a scalable and effective solution to strengthen maritime security and protect Indonesia’s marine resources.