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All Journal Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro Biomedical Journal of Indonesia
Vina Zakiah Latuconsina
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology

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THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF GALOBA (HORNSTEDTIA SP.) FRUIT EXTRACT: ELEVATION OF HDL-C IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MICE (MUS MUSCULUS) Muhammad Zaidan Ash Shiddiqie; Rachmawati Dwi Agustin; Dian Qisthi; Filda Vionita Irene de Lima; Vina Zakiah Latuconsina; Marliyati Sanaky
Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro (Diponegoro Medical Journal) Vol 15, No 4 (2026): JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO (DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v15i4.53955

Abstract

Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a condition where total cholesterol levels exceed 200 mg/dL, often accompanied by decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. This condition increases the risk of cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and peripheral artery disease. Non-pharmacological interventions using antioxidant-rich Galoba fruit (Hornstedtia sp.) have the potential to improve lipid profiles by modulating cholesterol metabolism. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of administering Galoba fruit (Hornstedtia sp.) ethanol extract on HDL-cholesterol levels in mice (Mus musculus) and explore its possible mechanistic pathways. Methods: This laboratory experimental study employed a post-test-only control group design. Twenty-five mice (Mus musculus) were randomly assigned to five groups: normal control (KN), negative control (K−), positive control (K+), treatment dose 1 (D1, 200 mg/kgBW), and treatment dose 2 (D2, 400 mg/kgBW). Hypercholesterolemia was induced through a high-fat diet (quail egg yolk, lard, and used cooking oil). HDL levels were measured after treatment and analyzed using ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey HSD test. Results: High-fat diet induction significantly increased total cholesterol levels. Administration of Galoba extract reduced total cholesterol and increased HDL levels. The D1 group (200 mg/kgBW) demonstrated the highest HDL increase of 35.20 mg/dL (81.86%), surpassing D2 (400 mg/kgBW) at 34.80 mg/dL (80.93%). Statistical analysis confirmed a significant increase in HDL levels (ANOVA, p < 0.001), with post hoc Tukey HSD showing significant differences between control and treatment groups. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Galoba fruit (Hornstedtia sp.) effectively increased HDL levels in hypercholesterolemic mice, with the 200 mg/kgBW dose showing optimal effect. The potential mechanism involves inhibition of the HMG-CoA reductase pathway, which suppresses endogenous cholesterol synthesis, and antioxidant modulation, which reduces oxidative modification of lipoproteins and enhances reverse cholesterol transport. These findings support the therapeutic promise of Hornstedtia sp. as a natural lipid-modulating agent.
Hypolipidemic Effect of Galoba Fruit (Hornstedtia sp.) Extract on LDL-Cholesterol in Hypercholesterolemic Mice Nadia Fathiyatur Rahmah; Rachmawati Agustin; Rahmi Latief; Marliyati Sanaky; Vina Zakiah Latuconsina; Sulfiana
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Vol 12, No 1, 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v12i1.289

Abstract

Introduction. Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), particularly in its oxidized form, contributes to atherosclerosis and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Galoba fruit (Hornstedtia sp.) contains antioxidant phytochemicals that may support lipid regulation. This study evaluated the hypolipidemic effect of Hornstedtia sp. extract in hypercholesterolemic mice. Methods. Twenty-five male mice were randomly assigned to five groups: normal control (KN), negative control (K–, high-fat diet only), positive control (K+, simvastatin 10 mg/kg BW), and two treatment groups receiving Galoba fruit extract at doses of 200 mg/kg BW (P1) and 400 mg/kg BW (P2). Hypercholesterolemia was induced with a high-fat diet, and the extract was prepared by ethanol maceration. Because of limited serum volume, LDL-C levels were estimated indirectly using the Anandaraja equation based on total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Results. LDL-C levels decreased in the extract-treated groups compared with the negative control. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed significant differences among groups (p < 0.05; overall p = 0.000). The greatest reduction was observed in P1 (11.90 mg/dL), followed by P2 (16.60 mg/dL), although neither exceeded the effect of K+ (7.90 mg/dL). Conclusion. Hornstedtia sp. extract demonstrated potential in lowering LDL-C in hypercholesterolemic mice, suggesting its role as a natural adjunct for lipid control. However, the use of indirect LDL-C estimation and the small sample size warrant cautious interpretation. Further studies with direct lipid profiling and mechanistic exploration are recommended before translational application.
Comparison of the Castelli-II Index Between Normal Weight Obesity and Obese Medical Students Fadhilah Adawiyyah Alimbran; Filda Vionita Irene de Lima; Vina Zakiah Latuconsina; Rachmawati Dwi Agustin; Rahmi R. Latief; Irwan
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Vol 12, No 1, 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v12i1.309

Abstract

Introduction. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality in Indonesia, with obesity recognized as a major risk factor. Excess body weight not only contributes to obesity but also alters lipid metabolism, thereby accelerating atherosclerosis. Interestingly, not all individuals with metabolic risk exhibit excess weight. This condition, termed normal weight obesity (NWO), describes individuals with a normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) but an elevated body fat percentage (men >25%, women >30%). One of the important predictors of cardiovascular risk is the Castelli-II Index, defined as the LDL/HDL ratio, which reflects the balance between atherogenic and protective lipoproteins. This study aimed to evaluate the Castelli-II Index as a predictor of cardiovascular disease in individuals with NWO and obesity among medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pattimura. Methods. An analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach was employed. A total of 52 respondents were recruited, comprising 26 individuals with NWO and 26 with obesity. BMI and body fat composition were assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA), while LDL and HDL levels were determined through direct enzymatic testing. Results. Bivariate analysis using the chi-square test demonstrated no statistically significant difference in the Castelli-II Index between the NWO and obesity groups (p = 0.235). Conclusion. In conclusion, despite differences in body composition, the Castelli-II Index did not significantly differ between students with NWO and those with obesity. Further studies with larger and more diverse samples are recommended to validate the role of the Castelli-II Index in predicting cardiovascular risk among young adults.
Co-Authors Dian Qisthi Fadhilah Adawiyyah Alimbran Filda Vionita Irene de Lima Filda Vionita Irene de Lima Irwan Marliyati Sanaky Muhammad Zaidan Ash Shiddiqie Nadia Fathiyatur Rahmah Rachmawati Agustin Rachmawati Dwi Agustin Rachmawati Dwi Agustin Rahmi Latief Rahmi R. Latief Sulfiana