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Application of the RASCH model to analyze Critical Thinking Skills Instruments (CTSI) on static fluid concept Lingga Thursina Fajriyati; Duden Saepuzaman; Lina Aviyanti; Winny Liliawati
Momentum: Physics Education Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21067/mpej.v10i1.12442

This study aims to analyze the reliability, validity of item analysis, and estimation of respondents' abilities in assessing students' critical thinking skills (CTS) instrument on static fluid material using the Rasch model. There are five indicators of the CTS instrument, namely Basic Clarification (BCL), Decision Basis (TBD), Inference (INF), Advanced Clarification (ACL), and Assumption and Integration (SIN), with a total of 20 items. The Rasch model was chosen because it provides an in-depth analysis of item characteristics, respondents' abilities, and allows the identification of imprecise or biased items. Although the theoretical background is presented briefly due to the methodological focus of this study, previous studies have primarily emphasized improving CTS through learning interventions rather than developing standardized measurement instruments. The research method used is quantitative with a descriptive design using Win steps 3.73 software for data analysis. The sample consisted of 215 high school students in grades XI and XII majoring in science, consisting of 120 female students and 95 male students in West Java. The results of the study showed that the test instrument had high reliability with an individual reliability of 0.73 and an item reliability of 0.92, as well as good internal consistency with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.78. The validity of this instrument also met the acceptance criteria of the Rasch model, with MNSQ infit and MNSQ outfit values ranging from 0.5 to 1.5, indicating acceptable model fit. Therefore, the CTS test instrument is suitable for use in high school physics education. This study contributes to addressing the limited availability of validated CTSCTS instruments specifically designed for static fluid material at the high school level using Rasch analysis.

A rasch model approach to gender-based thermal concept analysis in East Java high schools Fian Rifqi Irsalina; Lina Aviyanti; Renaldy Fredyan
Momentum: Physics Education Journal Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21067/mpej.v9i1.11007

This research analyzes high school students' understanding of thermal concepts in East Java, focusing on identifying gender-based differences and misconceptions. A descriptive survey with a non-experimental cross-sectional design was conducted using the Thermal Concept Evaluation (TCE) instrument, distributed via Google Forms to 171 students (94 females and 77 males). Data were analyzed using the Rasch model with Winsteps software, providing a detailed diagnosis of student ability levels and item difficulties. The findings revealed significant misconceptions about thermal conductivity and thermal equilibrium, which were challenging for both genders. Male students demonstrated better comprehension of heat transfer and temperature change, while female students showed a slightly higher understanding of boiling concepts. Practical implications include the need for targeted instructional strategies, such as inquiry-based and problem-based learning, incorporating hands-on experiments and technology-based tools like simulations to visualize abstract thermal phenomena. Policymakers and educators are encouraged to adopt conceptual-based curricula, improve laboratory facilities, and provide teacher training programs to address misconceptions and bridge gender gaps in thermal physics education. These strategies aim to enhance students' understanding and prepare them for advanced applications in science and technology.

Investigation of students’ conceptual understanding of fluids in Kupang City and Sabu Raijua District Beata Graceshela Muki; Lina Aviyanti; Abu Nawas
Momentum: Physics Education Journal Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21067/mpej.v9i1.11056

This study analyzes students’ concept understanding ability on fluid material in Kupang City and Sabu Raijua Regency. Using the descriptive quantitative method, this study involved 332 high school students in grades XI and XII of science specialization in the age range of 14-18 years, with research samples in Kupang City including 91 male students and 160 female students, while samples in Sabu Raijua Regency included 33 male students and 48 female students. The instrument, in the form of 12 multiple-choice questions based on cognitive indicators of understanding (C2), was declared reliable, with Cronbach’s Alpha 0.82 in the outstanding category. The results showed that students in Kupang City had a concept understanding level of 39.54% (less understanding category), lower than students in Sabu Raijua Regency with a percentage of 45.47% (sufficient understanding category). Gender analysis revealed that female students were superior to male students in all indicators, especially in the comparing indicator. However, weaknesses were seen in the summarising and explaining indicators in both regions. Rasch modeling analysis with the help of WINSTEPS showed variations in students’ abilities between the low to sufficient categories. The findings are expected to be a reference for teachers to design contextual, problem-based, and collaborative learning and utilize learning media to improve students’ concept understanding in Physics.

Review of misconceptions in physics among Indonesian high school students: Diagnosis, causes, and remediation Dendy Siti Kamilah; Beata Graceshela Muki; Lina Aviyanti; Andi Suhandi
Momentum: Physics Education Journal Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21067/mpej.v9i2.11187

Misconceptions in physics education pose significant challenges to student learning and conceptual understanding. This research aims to bridge gaps in understanding by systematically identifying and analyzing the diagnostics, causes, and remediation methods for misconceptions in physics among Indonesian high school students. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the PRISMA method, 61 articles were selected from databases such as Scopus and Google Scholar, focusing on publications between 2019 and 2024. The results reveal that static fluids emerged as the most frequently studied topic in misconception research, with common issues including the misunderstanding of buoyancy and hydrostatic pressure. Diagnostic tools were dominated by four-tier tests, which offer high accuracy and ease of analysis compared to other methods. The findings also highlight that the primary causes of misconceptions are rooted in students' intuitive thinking and teaching methods. Computer simulations were identified as one of the most effective remediation strategies, often employed alongside conceptual change texts and laboratory-based approaches. This study consolidates existing research and provides actionable insights for educators by highlighting effective diagnostic tools and strategies to design targeted interventions, foster deeper conceptual understanding, and improve learning outcomes in physics education.

Exploring HOTS on global warming concepts, self-efficacy and learning motivation among high school students Lina Aviyanti; Nuzulira Janeusse Fratiwi; Amalia Weka Gani; Abdul Salam; Gilbert Hugo T. Simbolon; Muhammad Guntur Purwanto
Momentum: Physics Education Journal Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21067/mpej.v9i2.11335

This study aims to explore Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in relation to global warming materials, self-efficacy, and learning motivation among high school students. This study employed a quantitative descriptive method, involving 268 students (119 males and 149 females) from three high schools in West Java, Indonesia. The instruments used in this study included two-tier multiple-choice questions to measure higher-order thinking skills (HOTS), the Physics Learning Self-Efficacy (PLSE) scale to assess self-efficacy, and a Likert scale questionnaire to evaluate learning motivation. Findings revealed that students excelled in analyzing and evaluating tasks but struggled with tasks involving creation. Self-efficacy was moderate, with students showing confidence in their theoretical knowledge but less so in applying it to real-world situations. Learning motivation was generally high, particularly in terms of resilience and achievement, though persistence and engagement required improvement. However, the regression analysis indicated no significant relationship between self-efficacy and HOTS or between learning motivation and HOTS, reflecting that self-efficacy and learning motivation alone do not directly predict students' performance in HOTS. These results emphasize the need for educational strategies that promote HOTS, enhance self-efficacy, and sustain learning motivation to equip students for increasingly complex global challenges.

Self-regulated learning in physics: A comprehensive study of high school students through the lens of the Rasch Model Fian Rifqi Irsalina; Lina Aviyanti; Yayan Rahayani
Momentum: Physics Education Journal Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21067/mpej.v9i2.11393

This study investigates the Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) profile of high school students in physics within the Indonesian Merdeka Curriculum, which emphasizes student-centered and independent learning. A descriptive quantitative approach with the Rasch model using Winsteps software was employed to analyze data from 72 Grade 11 students at a state high school in Bandung, Indonesia. The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) assessed SRL across various subdomains. The instrument demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach Alpha of 0.90), indicating strong internal consistency in measuring SRL abilities. The analysis revealed that most students had a moderate SRL profile, with strengths in Control of Learning Beliefs and Task Values, reflecting strong beliefs in the positive outcomes of their physics learning. However, areas such as Test Anxiety, Critical Thinking, and Effort Regulation showed lower scores, indicating areas for improvement. Additionally, Metacognitive Self-Regulation and Peer Learning enhanced students' understanding of physics. Based on these findings, it is recommended that educators design project-based learning experiences to leverage students' motivation and foster intrinsic interest in learning. Reducing test anxiety through hands-on learning and strengthening metacognitive skills through independent strategies can further support student growth. Encouraging peer learning and promoting critical thinking, mainly through Help-Seeking, are also crucial for enhancing SRL. This research provides valuable insights into SRL profiles in physics learning and offers practical strategies to improve student engagement and performance within the Merdeka Curriculum framework.

Exploration of various visual media (real and virtual) in physics learning Rifal Ramadhan Rifal; Andi Suhandi; Achmad Samsudin; Lina Aviyanti
Momentum: Physics Education Journal Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21067/mpej.v9i2.11449

This study aims to explore the role of visual media in physics learning especially in static electricity and capacitors, and to identify the obstacles faced by teachers in using these visual media. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a literature review and analysis of data obtained through a questionnaire distributed to high school physics teachers in Bandung City. The data collected includes the use of various types of visual media, the purpose of their use, students' responses to visual media, and the obstacles faced in their implementation. The findings show that visual media such as PowerPoint, digital simulation (PhET), and animated videos are very effective in physics learning to help students understand abstract concepts, especially in capacitor material. Digital simulation, with an effectiveness rate of 82.4%, proved to be the most effective in explaining the concept of capacitors. The use of this visual media also has a positive impact on student motivation in learning. However, the main obstacles faced are the limitations of time, facilities, and technical skills of teachers in developing visual media. In conclusion, although the use of visual media is very beneficial, further support in the form of training, provision of facilities, and better time management is needed to optimize the application of visual media in physics learning.

Analysis of critical thinking test instruments on the Light Waves concept (CT-LiWa): Rasch model Raldy Aditya; Endi Suhendi; Lina Aviyanti; Abu Nawas; Heni Rusnayati
Momentum: Physics Education Journal Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21067/mpej.v9i2.11662

This research aims to develop an instrument that measures students' critical thinking skills in physics learning to test its validity and reliability using the Rasch Model. The instrument is called the Critical Thinking Test on The Light Waves Concept (CT-LiWa). The novelty of this research is to create a new instrument that is applied to the concept of light waves. The target of this instrument is high school students in one of the provinces in West Java. This research method uses the ADDIE model involving 72 high school students from West Java, Indonesia. The instrument used is a validation sheet and the CT-LiWa consists of 15 items in the form of descriptions. The trial results data were analyzed using the Rasch Model assisted by the Winstep program to obtain the quality of the instrument, namely reliability, validity, and level of difficulty. The results of the analysis show that the CT-LiWa test is not reliable but has a good validity of 27.6% in the fulfilled category with varying levels of difficulty. Therefore, the development of the CT-LiWa test can be implemented as an instruent to measure students' critical thinking skills on the concept of light waves.

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