<![CDATA[The Ulumbu Geothermal Power Plant (GPP) expansion project in Poco Leok is sparking resistance from indigenous communities, reflecting the broader agrarian conflict in Indonesian energy transition landscape. This tension exposes a significant gap between clean energy ambitions and the protection of local community rights. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the inconsistencies of the agrarian regulatory framework in geothermal energy development against the principles of a just energy transition. Methods: In order to achieve the stated objective, a juridical-normative method was adopted, drawing on legislative and conceptual approaches. Accordingly, relevant regulations were examined through three dimensions of justice, namely recognition justice, procedural justice, and distributive justice. Results: The analysis uncovers three fundamental weaknesses. First, existing regulations do not guarantee certainty regarding the subjects and objects of customary land prior to land acquisition, constituting a recognition crisis. Second, there are no explicit regulations governing the implementation of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) and transparency standards, reflecting a procedural crisis. Third, weak oversight triggers an unequal distribution of ecological risks for communities, amounting to a distributive crisis. The analysis also showed that current renewable energy acceleration policies tend to focus on facilitating permits rather than strengthening local partnerships. Conclusion: The current renewable energy regulatory framework has the potential to reproduce extractive development patterns that deepen agrarian and social inequalities in the region. Suggestion: Governance reform is needed through mandatory pre-licensing customary land identification, normative codification of FPIC, and the strengthening of geothermal sector regulatory institutions. Contribution: This study enriches energy and agrarian law scholarship by integrating a just transition perspective as an evaluative framework for regulations in Indonesia.]]>
