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All Journal Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education
Farras Ghaly
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Improving Rainfall Prediction in Lampung, Southern Sumatra Using Wrf: The Role if Bias Correction and Ensemble Techniques For Disaster Mitigation Andreas Boni Baik Simamora; Pratama, Alvin; Ridlo Wahyudi Wibowo; Farras Ghaly
Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education (June Edition)
Publisher : Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/sjdgge.v10i1.752

Abstract

Rainfall prediction in the tropics is highly challenging due to strong convective variability and limited observations. This study evaluates the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model over southern Sumatra, using ERA5 and GFS-FNL as boundary datasets. Ten combinations of microphysics and cumulus parameterizations were tested, followed by bias correction, ensemble construction, and verification against AWS observations. Two bias correction methods were compared: Linear Scaling (LS) and Quantile Mapping (QM). LS consistently improved correlation and reduced RMSE, while QM often degraded performance. For rainfall intensity, ERA5-driven simulations outperformed GFS, with ERA5 Member 9 (WSM6 + BMJ) showing the highest skill (r = 0.91; RMSE ≈ 20 mm). Rainfall occurrence verification showed that ERA5 ensembles, particularly Ensemble 3 with POD–FAR weighting, achieved the most balanced skill (CSI ≈ 0.60), while GFS Member 5 occasionally surpassed the ensemble mean. ROC analysis revealed complementary strengths: ERA5 was more effective for moderate to heavy rainfall, whereas GFS showed greater sensitivity to light events. These results underscore ERA5’s advantage for tropical downscaling and highlight the potential of multisource ensembles to improve rainfall prediction in data-scarce regions.
Co-Authors Alvin Pratama Andreas Boni Baik Simamora Ridlo Wahyudi Wibowo