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All Journal Building of Informatics, Technology and Science
Fathir Fathir
Universitas Muhammadiyah Bima, Bima
Computer Science & IT

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Multiclass Herbal Plant Classification Using CNN Architectures: A Comparative Study of MobileNetV2, EfficientNetV2B0, NASNetMobile, and InceptionV3 Mechi Sakinatun Nufus; Siti Mutmainah; Fathir Fathir
Building of Informatics, Technology and Science (BITS) Vol 8 No 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Forum Kerjasama Pendidikan Tinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47065/bits.v8i1.10048

Abstract

Indonesia is a country with an exceptionally rich biodiversity; herbal plants offer a wide range of benefits in the fields of health and traditional medicine. However, the process of identifying herbal leaves is still done manually and is often prone to errors due to similarities in shape, color, and texture among leaves. This study aims to develop a multi-class herbal plant leaf image classification system based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) by comparing four transfer learning architectures: MobileNetV2, EfficientNetV2B0, NASNetMobile, and InceptionV3. The dataset used consists of 10 classes of herbal plant leaves. The contributions of this study include a comparative analysis of four CNN architectures for multi-class classification, an evaluation of the effectiveness of preprocessing and data augmentation on a limited dataset, and recommendations for the most optimal model based on accuracy and computational efficiency. The experimental results show that all models achieved validation accuracy above 98%. InceptionV3 delivered the best performance with a test accuracy of 97%, precision of 90%, and accuracy, recall, and F1-score of 89% respectively, demonstrating good generalization ability. Meanwhile, MobileNetV2 offers the best balance between accuracy and computational efficiency, making it a promising candidate for herbal plant identification systems based on mobile devices or in environments with limited computational resources.
Perbandingan Metode Elbow dan Silhouette Coefficient pada K-Means untuk Pengelompokan Wilayah Berdasarkan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Shinta Zahira Hayathun Nufus; Fathir Fathir; Hilyatul Mustafidah
Building of Informatics, Technology and Science (BITS) Vol 8 No 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Forum Kerjasama Pendidikan Tinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47065/bits.v8i1.10114

Abstract

One of the primary metrics for evaluating the effectiveness of efforts to improve people’s well-being through human development is the Human Development Index (HDI). Although Indonesia’s HDI has continued to improve, disparities in human development remain evident across regions, particularly in Bali, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), and East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). Identifying regions with similar HDI characteristics is important for supporting more targeted development policies. However, the performance of K-Means clustering is highly influenced by the number of clusters used, making the selection of an appropriate cluster number essential. This study compares the Elbow Method and Silhouette Coefficient in determining the optimal number of clusters for 2024 HDI data covering 41 regencies and municipalities based on Life Expectancy, Expected Years of Schooling, Mean Years of Schooling, and Per Capita Expenditure. The results show that the Elbow Method produces three clusters, while the Silhouette Coefficient produces two clusters with a silhouette value of 0.5312. Evaluation using the Davies–Bouldin Index (DBI) indicates that the two-cluster solution achieves a lower DBI value (0.7350) than the three-cluster solution (1.0382). These findings suggest that the HDI structure in Bali, NTB, and NTT tends to form two major groups: regions with high human development and regions with medium-to-low human development. The results also indicate that the Silhouette Coefficient is more representative for determining the optimal number of clusters in HDI data with relatively similar regional characteristics. The clustering results may support policymakers in prioritizing development programs in education, health, and community welfare
Co-Authors Hilyatul Mustafidah Mechi Sakinatun Nufus Shinta Zahira Hayathun Nufus Siti Mutmainah