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All Journal IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry)
Ady Mara
Department of Chemistry, Sriwijaya University
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Environmental Science

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Synthesis and Characterization of Durian Peel Activated Carbon with Phosphoric Acid Activation for Direct Red 80 Adsorption Gabri Ela Monica; Desnelli Desnelli; Ady Mara
IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry) Vol 11, No 2 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24845/ijfac.v11.i2.92

Abstract

This study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the adsorption performance of H3PO4-activated carbon derived from durian peel for the removal of Direct Red 80. Durian peel was carbonized in a 750 W microwave oven for three heating cycles of 15 min each with 30 min cooling intervals and then activated using H3PO4 solutions at concentrations of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 M. Characterization was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and analyses of moisture content, ash content, iodine adsorption capacity, methylene blue adsorption, and surface area determined based on the methylene blue adsorption method. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of O–H, aromatic C=C, and phosphate functional groups, while XRD indicated a predominantly amorphous carbon structure. Activation with 0.5 M H3PO4 produced activated carbon with the best characteristics, including a moisture content of 6.19%, ash content of 3.16%, iodine adsorption capacity of 1192.86 mg/g, exceeding the minimum requirement of SNI 06-3730-1995 (750 mg/g), and a surface area of 71.844 m2/g determined by the methylene blue adsorption method. Adsorption was performed using 0.1 g adsorbent in 50 mL Direct Red 80 solution at 100 rpm. The optimum values obtained for the investigated parameters were pH 2, a contact time of 30 min, and an initial concentration of 30 ppm, with corresponding adsorption efficiencies of 66.72%, 66.72%, and 68.41%, respectively. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model (R^2 = 0.9916), while the Langmuir model provided the best fit (R^2 = 0.9713). H3PO4-activated durian peel carbon shows potential as a biomass-based adsorbent for textile wastewater treatment.Keywords: Activated carbon, Durian peel, Phosphoric acid, Direct Red 80, Adsorption
Co-Authors Desnelli Desnelli Gabri Ela Monica