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All Journal Journal of Fish Health
Bagus Dwi Hari Setyono
Study Program of Aquaculture, Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Sublethal Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics Alters Swimming Behaviour and Reduces Survival of Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Nurbaiti Saptatriani; Bagus Dwi Hari Setyono; Laily Fitriani Mulyani
Journal of Fish Health Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Fish Health
Publisher : Study Program of Aquaculture, Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jfh.v6i2.9983

Abstract

Polystyrene microplastics (PS) in aquaculture systems may impair shrimp behaviour and survival, yet experimental evidence directly linking exposure intensity with easily observable behavioural indicators remains limited. This study evaluated the effects of sublethal PS exposure on swimming behaviour and survival of whiteleg shrimp during a 45-day rearing period. A completely randomized design was applied using four treatments: 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg/L PS, each with three replicates. PL-30 whiteleg shrimp were stocked at 20 individuals per 20-L container. Swimming behaviour was repeatedly assessed using three categories: BN (normal swimming), BL (weak swimming), and BL;DD (weak swimming with bottom-resting tendency). Survival data were analysed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple range test at a 5% significance level, whereas behavioural observations were interpreted descriptively. Behavioural deterioration followed a consistent dose-related pattern. The control group remained normal throughout the observation period, while the 20–30 mg/L treatments shifted earlier toward BL and BL;DD. Survival was highest in the control (73.33 ± 5.77%) and declined to 31.67–36.67% in PS-exposed groups. ANOVA indicated a significant treatment effect on survival (F(3,8) = 28.263; p < 0.001), and Duncan’s test separated the control from all exposed treatments, whereas the 10–30 mg/L treatments remained in the same homogeneous subset. Because water quality remained within an acceptable range, the behavioural shift and reduced survival were more plausibly linked to PS exposure than to deterioration in rearing conditions. These findings highlight swimming behaviour as a practical early-warning indicator in shrimp culture exposed to microplastics.
Potential of Halophilic Bacteria from Hypersaline Waters to Reduce Polyethylene Microplastic Abundance in Artemia sp. Culture: A Preliminary Indication of Degradation Based on Gravimetric Weight Loss Nanda Wahyuni Al Humaero; Sadikin Amir; Bagus Dwi Hari Setyono
Journal of Fish Health Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Fish Health
Publisher : Study Program of Aquaculture, Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jfh.v6i2.10038

Abstract

Polyethylene (PE) microplastic contamination in aquaculture systems can increase plastic particle exposure in zooplankton, including Artemia sp., while also elevating the risk of biological disturbance in cultured organisms. This study evaluated the potential of halophilic bacteria isolated from hypersaline waters to reduce PE microplastic abundance in Artemia sp. and to provide a preliminary indication of PE degradation based on gravimetric weight loss. A completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications was applied: P0 (without microplastics and bacteria), KN (PE 2 mg/L), KP (bacteria 106 CFU/mL), P1 (PE 2 mg/L + bacteria 106 CFU/mL), P2 (PE 2 mg/L + bacteria 107 CFU/mL), and P3 (PE 2 mg/L + bacteria 108 CFU/mL). The primary response variables were microplastic abundance in Artemia sp. and PE degradation efficiency, whereas growth, survival, and water quality were treated as supporting variables. The treatments significantly affected microplastic abundance in Artemia sp. KN produced the highest abundance (0.1100 particles/individual), whereas bacterial addition reduced the value to 0.0267 particles/individual in P1, 0.0267 in P2, and 0.0467 in P3. PE weight loss ranged from 20.0% to 31.1%, with the highest value recorded in P1. These findings suggest that a halophilic bacterial inoculum of 106 CFU/mL was the most promising level for early-stage PE bioremediation in Artemia culture systems. Nevertheless, because degradation was assessed only by gravimetric loss, the result should be interpreted as a preliminary indication and still requires abiotic controls, SEM, and FTIR confirmation.
One Percent Dietary Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) Improves Color Brightness and Growth Performance in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Husenudin Hatmo; Sitti Hilyana; Bagus Dwi Hari Setyono
Journal of Fish Health Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Fish Health
Publisher : Study Program of Aquaculture, Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jfh.v6i3.10845

Abstract

Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) is widely used in ornamental fish diets because it contains carotenoids, phycocyanin, protein, vitamins, and other bioactive compounds that may enhance pigmentation and support growth. However, the optimal dietary inclusion level of spirulina for zebrafish (Danio rerio) remains unclear, particularly when colour performance and growth responses are evaluated simultaneously. This study examined the effects of dietary spirulina supplementation on colour performance, growth, and physiological responses in zebrafish. A 30-day feeding trial was conducted using a completely randomized design with four treatments: 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% spirulina inclusion, each with three replicate aquaria. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, with Welch ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests used to assess result robustness. Dietary spirulina significantly affected RGB brightness, length gain, and weight gain. The most consistent improvement occurred at 1% inclusion. The highest RGB brightness (83.81 ± 2.13), length gain (0.18 ± 0.01 cm), and weight gain (0.15 ± 0.03 g) were recorded in the 1% treatment, which outperformed the control and higher inclusion levels. Total colour score and specific growth rate also tended to peak at 1%, although these responses showed lower statistical stability under non-parametric analysis. Condition factor, survival, and abnormality were not significantly affected by dietary treatment. Overall, 1% dietary spirulina supplementation provided the most effective balance between improved colour appearance and growth performance, while higher inclusion levels did not produce additional benefits under the tested conditions.
Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastic Exposure Alters Body Colour and Reduces Condition Factor in Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) Rifki Rijal Hapriawan; Bagus Dwi Hari Setyono; Muhammad Sumsanto
Journal of Fish Health Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Fish Health
Publisher : Study Program of Aquaculture, Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jfh.v6i3.10901

Abstract

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics may compromise fish health, but visible sublethal responses in ornamental fish remain poorly documented. This study evaluated whether nominal PVC microplastic exposure altered CIE L*a*b* body-colour indices, Fulton's condition factor, and survival of guppy (Poecilia reticulata). A completely randomized design included 0, 5, 15, and 20 mg/L PVC treatments, each with three aquaria stocked with 10 fish and maintained for 45 days. Treatment means were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test. The 15 and 20 mg/L treatments produced higher lightness and lower redness and yellowness than the control and 5 mg/L treatments. At 20 mg/L, survival declined to 66.67 ± 15.28% and the condition factor declined to 0.96 ± 0.13. These results show a marked fading of red and yellow body-colour components at 15 to 20 mg/L, while reduced survival and condition factor were most evident at 20 mg/L. Digital CIE L*a*b* metrics may therefore provide a practical visual endpoint for screening sublethal responses of ornamental fish to nominal PVC microplastic exposure. The study did not test the physiological mechanisms that generated the colour response.
Potential of Local Microalgae from Lembar Bay Waters for Climate Change Mitigation: Insights from Photosynthetic Assimilation Index Damai Diniariwisan; Alis Mukhlis; Bagus Dwi Hari Setyono; Awan Dermawan; Rizky Regina Kawirian; Sri Hikmah Wulandari
Journal of Fish Health Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Fish Health
Publisher : Study Program of Aquaculture, Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jfh.v6i3.11802

Abstract

Climate change mitigation requires innovative approaches to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) through efficient and sustainable carbon fixation. Microalgae are promising biological agents because of their photosynthetic capacity to assimilate inorganic carbon into biomass. This study aimed to assess the potential of local microalgae communities in Lembar Bay waters, West Lombok, as carbon assimilation agents based on the relationship between chlorophyll-a, net primary productivity (NPP), and assimilation index. The study was conducted from March to May 2026 at five sampling stations, with three sampling periods at 30-day intervals. Phytoplankton samples were collected using a plankton net and identified microscopically, while chlorophyll-a was analyzed spectrophotometrically. NPP was determined using the light-and-dark bottle method based on changes in dissolved oxygen during a six-hour incubation period. The relationships among environmental parameters, chlorophyll-a, and NPP were analyzed using Spearman correlation. The results showed a relatively strong positive correlation between chlorophyll-a and NPP (r = 0.727), indicating that higher phytoplankton biomass was associated with greater photosynthetic productivity. Chlorophyll-a showed weak correlations with nitrate (r = −0.045) and phosphate (r = −0.107). The assimilation index varied among stations, ranging from 6.13 to 11.51 (mg C mg Chl-a⁻¹ hour⁻¹), with the highest value at Station 4 and the lowest at Station 5. These findings indicate that local microalgae in Lembar Bay have potential for biological carbon assimilation and may support climate change mitigation. However, further species-specific cultivation and controlled photobioreactor experiments are required to validate their CO₂ fixation capacity and long-term carbon sequestration potential.
Co-Authors Alis Mukhlis Awan Dermawan Damai Diniariwisan Husenudin Hatmo Laily Fitriani Mulyani Muhammad Sumsanto Nanda Wahyuni Al Humaero Nurbaiti Saptatriani Rifki Rijal Hapriawan Rizky Regina Kawirian Sadikin Amir Sitti Hilyana Sri Hikmah Wulandari