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All Journal Sinergi
Riza Suwondo
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bina Nusantara University
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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Shear strength enhancement of fine sand soil using Guar Gum biopolymer under varying curing conditions Riza Suwondo; Maya Devina Kurniawan; I Gede Mahardika Susila; Andryan Suhendra
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.1.012

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of Guar Gum biopolymer on the shear strength behaviour of fine sand soil, with the aim of evaluating its potential as a sustainable soil stabilization agent. A series of direct shear tests, following ASTM D3080-23, was conducted on Guar Gum-treated soil samples with varying biopolymer concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%) and water content (10%, 12%, and 15%). Curing durations of 2, 5, and 7 days were applied to assess time-dependent strength development. The shear strength parameters, cohesion (c) and internal friction angle (φ), were evaluated to quantify the improvement in soil performance. The results showed that cohesion increased with higher Guar Gum concentration and longer curing times, with the highest cohesion (0.105 kg/cm²) observed at 5% concentration after 7 days. However, the internal friction angle decreased with prolonged curing, suggesting a shift from the frictional to cohesive strength. Water content had a significant impact, with 10–12% yielding optimal results. At a water content of 12 %, the highest internal friction angle (52°) was recorded after 7 days. Overall, the findings confirm that Guar Gum can significantly enhance the shear strength of fine sand when key parameters are optimized, offering an effective, environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical stabilizers in geotechnical applications. 
Stage-dependent sensitivity analysis of composite floor systems under Eurocode provisions Riza Suwondo; Made Suangga; Militia Keintjem; Mohammed Altaee
SINERGI Vol. 30 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.3.009

Abstract

Composite floor systems, which combine profiled steel decks and reinforced concrete slabs, are widely used in modern construction owing to their structural efficiency, construction speed, and material economy. However, the relative influence of key design parameters on structural performance remains insufficiently understood. This study investigates the effects of steel deck thickness, slab thickness, and concrete compressive strength to identify the governing parameters that control the composite floor behavior. A representative one-way composite floor system with CF60 profiled steel decking and a reinforced concrete topping was analyzed using a Eurocode-based analytical parametric approach. The analysis considered both the construction stage, in which the steel deck alone resisted the applied loads, and the composite stage, in which the hardened concrete slab and steel deck acted compositely. Parametric combinations were generated by varying deck thickness, slab depth, and concrete compressive strength, and structural performance was evaluated using demand–capacity ratios derived from Eurocode flexural resistance formulations. The results show that the composite floor behavior is primarily governed by construction-stage performance, with the steel deck thickness emerging as the dominant parameter. The slab thickness exhibited a stage-dependent influence, whereas the concrete compressive strength within the normal-strength range had only a minor effect. This study established a quantitative sensitivity hierarchy for geometric and material parameters under Eurocode design conditions. The analysis was limited to a code-based analytical framework without numerical or experimental validation.
Co-Authors Andryan Suhendra I Gede Mahardika Susila Made Suangga Maya Devina Kurniawan Militia Keintjem Mohammed Altaee