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All Journal Journal of Information Systems and Informatics
Sampson Konja
C.K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences
Computer Science & IT

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A Mixed Adversarial Awareness Technique for Improving Neural Network Defense Moses Apambila Agebure; Sampson Konja; Stephen Akobre; Mohammed Daabo
Journal of Information System and Informatics Vol 8 No 3 (2026): June
Publisher : Asosiasi Doktor Sistem Informasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63158/journalisi.v8i3.1552

Abstract

Neural Network (NN) models, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), have achieved remarkable performance in computer vision tasks but remain highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Existing defense techniques mainly focus on detecting adversarial examples and often show limited effectiveness when adversarial perturbations coexist with significant noisy inputs. To address this limitation, this study proposes a Mixed Adversarial Awareness Technique (MAAT) based on kernel density estimation and a Bayesian uncertainty estimator. Kernel density estimation is used to model data manifolds in the input subspace, while the Bayesian uncertainty estimator, inspired by the Dirichlet process, quantifies predictive uncertainty in the input space. The proposed technique was evaluated on three benchmark datasets, CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and SVHN, using four adversarial attack schemes, namely FGSM, BIM, JSMA, and C&W, as well as Gaussian noise injection. The LeNet ConvNet model was employed as the test classifier. Experimental results show that MAAT effectively flags adversarial and noisy instances, improving detection performance with AUC values ranging from 0.84 to 0.96, compared with 0.61 to 0.94 achieved by selected state-of-the-art techniques. These findings demonstrate that combining density-based manifold modeling with uncertainty estimation provides a robust defense against mixed adversarial and noisy inputs.
Co-Authors Mohammed Daabo Moses Apambila Agebure Stephen Akobre