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All Journal Makkah: Journal Of Islamic Studies
Fauzul Kabir
Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
Religion Arts Humanities Education Social Sciences Other

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MORAL EVIL DALAM PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT DAN ISLAM: ANTARA KEHENDAK BEBAS, AMBIGUITAS MORAL, DAN SISTEM ETIKA ISLAM Fauzul Kabir; Wahyu Trisno Aji; Amir Hamzah
Makkah: Journal Of Islamic Studies Vol. 2 No. 1
Publisher : Makkah: Journal Of Islamic Studies

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Abstract

This paper discusses moral evil, starting from its definition, the standards of good and evil, to the Islamic perspective on moral evil. The study employs a philosophical–critical library research approach, with documentation data collected from journals, books, and websites. The results of this paper indicate that evil arises from human consciousness, caused by the inability to fully and properly utilize free will. Likewise, the standards of goodness remain ambiguous, as humans adopt differing and relative standards of good. In contrast, Islam classifies crimes systematically through ḥudūd, qiṣāṣ, diyāt, and ta‘zīr. Ultimately, evil always leads to consequences, and its prevention depends on strengthening faith (īmān), piety (taqwā), and human moral awareness.  
MERESPONS KONTROVERSIAL TOKOH: PENETAPAN HUKUM KHATIB PEREMPUAN DALAM FATWA MUI NO. 38 TAHUN 2023 Fauzul Kabir; Hani Nadiya Putri; Fikri Tanjung; Ali Misran
Makkah: Journal Of Islamic Studies Vol. 2 No. 1
Publisher : Makkah: Journal Of Islamic Studies

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This article presents a normative-critical analysis of the Indonesian Council of Ulama (MUI) Fatwa No. 38 of 2023 concerning the permissibility of women serving as khatib in Friday prayer rituals. The fatwa was issued in response to public controversy sparked by religious statements allowing women to deliver Friday sermons before male congregations. Employing a qualitative normative approach, this study utilizes textual analysis, Islamic legal hermeneutics, and comparative fiqh methodologies. The primary data source is the official text of the MUI fatwa and its supporting documents, while secondary sources include the Qur’an, Hadith, classical and contemporary fiqh literature, and relevant scholarly works. The findings indicate that MUI prioritizes a bayānī (textual) approach, reinforced by qiyās, both verbal and practical ijmā‘, and istiṣlāḥī considerations aimed at preserving communal harmony. The study concludes that while the fatwa aligns with the dominant Sunni legal tradition, it also invites critical reflection regarding its methodological depth and its engagement with contemporary socio-religious dynamics and gender discourse.
Co-Authors Ali Misran Amir Hamzah Fikri Tanjung Hani Nadiya Putri Wahyu Trisno Aji