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All Journal Genesis Law and Social Sciences
Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Aceh Reintegration Board, Banda Aceh 23230, Indonesia

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Comparison of the Helsinki MoU 2005 and the Final Peace Agreement 1996: A Case Study of Aceh, Indonesia and Mindanao, Philippines Mohammad Rafsanjani Akbar; Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Genesis Law and Social Sciences Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Graha Primera Saintifika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61975/glass.v1i1.79

Abstract

Separatist conflicts in Southeast Asia, particularly in Aceh and Mindanao, have posed enduring challenges to national integration and regional peace. This study examines and compares the Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding (2005) and the Final Peace Agreement (1996) as frameworks for resolving these long-standing insurgencies in Indonesia and the Philippines. While both agreements aimed to establish autonomy and end armed conflict, their implementation and outcomes diverged significantly. Employing a qualitative comparative case study approach, the research analyzes legal texts, policy documents, and scholarly literature across five key dimensions: legal legitimacy, political participation, fiscal autonomy, security arrangements, and socio-economic impact. The findings indicate that the Helsinki MoU achieved more durable peace through comprehensive legal integration, inclusive governance, and stable fiscal mechanisms. In contrast, the FPA was hampered by weak institutional support, exclusion of critical stakeholders, and financial dependency, leading to continued unrest and eventual renegotiation. These results highlight the necessity of legally grounded, inclusive, and well-resourced agreements in achieving sustainable conflict resolution.
Post-Conflict Reintegration and Special Autonomy in Indonesia: Evaluating the Implementation of Law Number 11 of 2006 and the Role of the Aceh Reintegration Board in Achieving Peace in Aceh Jamaluddin Jamaluddin; Ghazi Ahmad Tijani
Genesis Law and Social Sciences Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Graha Primera Saintifika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61975/glass.v1i1.83

Abstract

Evaluating the implementation of Indonesia’s Law Number 11 of 2006 on the Governance of Aceh and the role of the Aceh Reintegration Board (BRA) in advancing post-conflict reintegration and sustainable peace. Drawing on a qualitative methodology that includes normative legal analysis, document review, and semi-structured interviews with stakeholders, the study examines how legal frameworks and institutional mechanisms translate into practice. Findings reveal that while the BRA has made progress in reintegration through land redistribution and the introduction of digital platforms like SIBRA Online and E-Proposal, its efforts have been hindered by institutional fragmentation, resource constraints, and limited responsiveness to local needs. The shift from individual to shared land ownership models illustrates both policy adaptation and structural limitations. The study contributes to peacebuilding literature by highlighting the interplay between legal mandates and ground-level implementation, underscoring the need for participatory governance and long-term socioeconomic support in post-conflict settings.
Co-Authors Ghazi Ahmad Tijani Mohammad Rafsanjani Akbar