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Syifa Fauziyah
IPB University
Humanities Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences

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Analysis of the Effect of Protein Content and Preheating Temperature on the Hardness of SPC Biscuits Using the Fuzzy Logic Method Muhammad Alpiansyah; Wuliddah Tamsil Barokah; Annisa Raihanah Maimun; Mrr Lukie Trianawati; Syifa Fauziyah; Nida Qotrunnada; Naura Alissa Davellitha; Meylani Awaliyah; Izza Afkarina Umar; Davina Baiza Radityaputri; Akmal Kayru Raid; Rome Juliana Arians
Journal of Applied Science, Technology & Humanities | JASTH Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Batrisya Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62535/6h6fq558

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze and model the non-linear effect of protein content and preheating temperature on the hardness of Soy Protein Concentrate (SPC)-based biscuits using the Sugeno fuzzy logic method. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, utilizing the Sugeno-type Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) designed and implemented using MATLAB software. The inputs were protein concentration (7-16%) and preheating temperature (70-90°C), with biscuit hardness (747.5-2176.5 gf) as the output. The system successfully mapped the complex interactions through nine fuzzy if-then rules. The results showed that increasing protein content generally increases hardness, particularly at higher preheating temperatures. However, excessive heating at medium protein content led to a decrease in hardness due to structural degradation. The defuzzification surface indicated that the preheating temperature has a relatively stronger influence on the final hardness than protein content. The developed fuzzy model provides accurate and interpretable predictions (e.g., 11.5% protein and 80°C yields a medium hardness of 1.45 x 10³ gf), proving its effectiveness as an adaptive decision-support tool for optimizing high-protein biscuit production.
Co-Authors Akmal Kayru Raid Annisa Raihanah Maimun Davina Baiza Radityaputri Izza Afkarina Umar Meylani Awaliyah Mrr Lukie Trianawati Muhammad Alpiansyah Naura Alissa Davellitha Nida Qotrunnada Rome Juliana Arians Wuliddah Tamsil Barokah