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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Edunomika (JIE) Journal Of Human And Education (JAHE)
Bambang Julianto
Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendal Batang, Indonesia
Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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INTEGRATING CRIMINAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AND THE CIVIL VALIDITY OF SMART CONTRACTS: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF CRYPTO-ASSET-BASED SCAMMING CRIMES IN INDONESIA Bambang Julianto; Rabith Madah Khulaili Harsya; Andi Mohammad Galib; Dani Amran Hakim; Aklima
JURNAL ILMIAH EDUNOMIKA Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): EDUNOMIKA
Publisher : ITB AAS Indonesia Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29040/jie.v10i1.19530

Abstract

The evolution of blockchain technology has introduced smart contracts as autonomous and immutable digital transaction instruments. However, these technical characteristics create legal ambivalence when used as a means of fraudulent acts based on crypto assets. This study aims to analyze the integration of criminal law enforcement and the civil validity of smart contracts in the context of crypto crimes in Indonesia. Using normative legal research methods and a comparative approach, this study finds a legal gap in determining the civil status of contracts born of malicious intent (mens rea). The analysis shows that although smart contracts are technically valid in blockchain systems, they can be invalidated under civil law if proven to contain elements of fraud. This study recommends the need for regulatory synchronization between the ITE Law, the National Criminal Code, and civil contract law to provide comprehensive legal protection for crypto asset investors in Indonesia
International Criminal Law Analysis of The Israeli Military Attack on The Garuda Contingent Headquarters in Lebanon Tihadanah Tihadanah; Rabith Madah Khulaili Harsya; Bambang Julianto; Diana Pujiningsih; Ma’rifah Ma’rifah
Journal Of Human And Education (JAHE) Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Human And Education (JAHE)
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jh.v6i4.2873

Abstract

The Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) military attack targeting the Garuda Indonesia Contingent Headquarters of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) mission in South Lebanon has sparked serious debate in international legal discourse. This study aims to analyze the incident from the perspective of International Criminal Law and International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Using normative legal research methods through a statute approach and a case approach, this article examines whether the attack can be categorized as a war crime under the jurisdiction of the 1998 Rome Statute. The results of the analysis indicate that UN peacekeeping personnel have the status of protected civilians as long as they are not directly involved in hostilities. Therefore, the deliberate attack on the Garuda Contingent headquarters constitutes a serious violation of the 1949 Geneva Convention and UN Security Council Resolution No. 1701. This study concludes that the act fulfills the material elements (actus reus) and mental elements ( mens rea ) of war crimes, which give rise to individual criminal responsibility for the military commanders involved and demands law enforcement through international mechanisms to maintain the dignity of the UN collective security system.
Co-Authors Aklima Andi Mohammad Galib Dani Amran Hakim Diana Pujiningsih Ma’rifah Ma’rifah Rabith Madah Khulaili Harsya Tihadanah Tihadanah