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Agency Costs, Voting Divergence, and Corporate Governance: A Qualitative Synthesis of Dual-Class Stock and Sunset Clause Mechanisms Benardi; Eri Kusnanto
International Journal of Business Law, Business Ethic, Business Comunication & Green Economics Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): June: International Journal of Business Law, Business Ethic, Business Communica
Publisher : LPPM STIE Kasih Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70142/ijbge.v3i2.455

Abstract

This qualitative literature review synthesizes contemporary research on how dual-class share structures shape agency costs, voting divergence, and corporate governance outcomes. The review finds that disproportionate voting rights increase managerial entrenchment risks and weaken shareholder oversight, thereby amplifying agency costs across diverse institutional settings. However, governance safeguards particularly time bound and event-based sunset clauses emerge as effective mechanisms for moderating the long-term risks of control disproportionality. While dual class firms may benefit from strategic insulation that fosters innovation and long-term value creation, the absence of sunset provisions is consistently associated with reduced firm valuation, diminished accountability, and persistent divergence between control and ownership. Overall, this synthesis highlights that dual-class structures are not universally harmful, but their sustainability depends on the presence of robust governance constraints designed to restore alignment over time.
Transformational Leadership in the Digital Business Environment: A Systematic Literature Review of Innovation Capability, Management Accounting Systems, and Sustainable Firm Performance Novrizal; Benardi
International Journal of Management, Accounting & Finance (KBIJMAF) Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): July: International Journal of Management, Accounting & Finance (KBIJMAF)
Publisher : LPPM STIE Kasih Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70142/kbijmaf.v3i3.473

Abstract

The rapid advancement of digital technologies has fundamentally transformed organizational leadership, innovation, and strategic management practices. This study conducts a qualitative Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to synthesize existing evidence on the relationships among transformational leadership, innovation capability, management accounting systems (MAS), and sustainable firm performance in the digital business environment. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, peer reviewed articles published in internationally recognized journals were systematically identified, screened, and synthesized. The review reveals that transformational leadership contributes to sustainable firm performance primarily through strengthening innovation capability and promoting the strategic use of management accounting systems rather than through direct effects. Innovation capability enhances organizational adaptability, knowledge sharing, and value creation, while advanced MAS supports strategic decision making and organizational control. The findings further indicate that integrating transformational leadership, digital transformation, innovation capability, and strategic management accounting enables organizations to achieve long-term competitiveness and sustainability. This review provides theoretical insights and practical implications for future leadership and digital business research.