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All Journal Ius Poenale Equality: Law and Social
Rani Lestari
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Criminal Liability Model for Deepfake AI Developers: European Union Inspiration for Indonesia’s Legal Framework Andre Arya Pratama; Fikri Rosyad Fathurrahman; Rani Lestari
Ius Poenale Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/ip.v6i1.4612

Abstract

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly deepfake technology, presents both opportunities and risks, including fraud, disinformation, and digital sexual crimes. In Indonesia, the legal framework primarily holds users accountable while leaving AI developers largely unregulated, creating legal gaps and weakening victim protection. This study examines criminal liability for AI developers under Indonesian law and proposes an ideal model inspired by the European Union, where developers face obligations for transparency, labeling, and liability for defective AI products. Using normative legal research and comparative analysis, the study finds that shifting accountability toward developers would enhance victim protection, close regulatory gaps, and establish a balanced legal framework that aligns AI innovation with responsibility.
Beyond Hardin’s Tragedy: The Role of Communication, Trust, and Repeated Interaction in Formulating Solutions to Right-to-Cultivate Agrarian Conflict in East Lombok Rani Lestari
Equality: Law and Social Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Riset Anak Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66618/equalitylawandsocial.v2i2.1565

Abstract

Agrarian conflicts involving Rights to Cultivate (Hak Guna Usaha, HGU) in Indonesia demonstrate that disputes over the control of shared resources cannot always be adequately explained by Garrett Hardin’s tragedy-of-the-commons assumption. This study examines the role of communication, trust, and repeated interaction in formulating solutions to the HGU agrarian conflict between the Sembalun Village community and PT Sembalun Kusuma Emas (SKE) in East Lombok. The study employs a socio-legal method with a qualitative approach based on library research and documentary analysis of legislation, dispute documents, scholarly articles, and relevant news sources. The analysis shows that conflict resolution cannot rely solely on formal legality and litigation; it must also incorporate deliberative communication, information transparency, trust building, and sustained interaction among the parties. These elements may provide the foundation for collaborative institutional mechanisms and self-governance in the management of common-pool resources (CPRs). The study concludes that HGU conflict resolution oriented toward substantive justice and sustainability requires the integration of formal legal mechanisms with social mechanisms that enable ongoing communication, trust building, monitoring, and evaluation.
Co-Authors Andre Arya Pratama Fikri Rosyad Fathurrahman