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POLICY EVALUATION OF THE REMPANG–GALANG GLASS FACTORY DEVELOPMENT FROM SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVES Nurmasari Nurmasari; Yustina Yustina
Multidisciplinary Indonesian Center Journal (MICJO) Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Vol. 03 No. 3 Edisi Juli 2026
Publisher : PT. Jurnal Center Indonesia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62567/micjo.v3i3.2666

The development of a glass manufacturing plant within the Rempang Eco City project on Rempang Island, Riau Islands Province, represents the Indonesian government's strategy to promote investment and accelerate economic growth through the National Strategic Project (PSN) framework. Despite its potential to increase investment, create employment opportunities, and strengthen industrial competitiveness, the project has generated social conflict and environmental concerns. This study aims to analyze the policy rationale underlying the Rempang–Galang glass factory development, examine its implications for social and environmental justice, and evaluate the policy using William N. Dunn’s policy evaluation model. This research employs a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through a systematic literature review of policy documents, reports from government institutions and civil society organizations, and relevant academic publications. The data were analyzed using content analysis based on the theoretical frameworks of social justice, environmental justice, and public policy evaluation. The findings reveal that the Rempang–Galang development policy is primarily driven by economic growth and investment-oriented objectives. Its implementation has led to an unequal distribution of development benefits and burdens, reflected in the risks of community relocation, loss of living space, pressure on coastal ecosystems, and the emergence of agrarian conflicts. Evaluation based on Dunn’s criteria indicates persistent challenges related to equity, responsiveness, adequacy, and appropriateness. The study concludes that a more participatory, equitable, and sustainable development approach is required through stronger protection of local community rights, inclusive environmental governance, and a fairer distribution of development benefits.

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK MITIGATION ANALYSIS OF GLASS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT POLICY ON REMPANG ISLAND Patminah Nularna; Yustina Yustina
Multidisciplinary Indonesian Center Journal (MICJO) Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Vol. 03 No. 3 Edisi Juli 2026
Publisher : PT. Jurnal Center Indonesia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62567/micjo.v3i3.2669

This research comprehensively analyzes the glass industry development policy on Rempang Island, Batam City, Riau Islands Province, using an environmental risk mitigation approach. Employing a descriptive qualitative method with a case study design and library research, this study examines five main dimensions: the chronology of the Rempang Island case, policy conflicts and controversies, the government regulatory framework, disaster risk analysis from nine environmental perspectives, and overall policy evaluation. The findings reveal that the Rempang Eco City project, designated as a National Strategic Project (PSN) through Permenko for Economic Affairs Number 7 of 2023, triggered prolonged agrarian conflict due to the absence of meaningful participation from indigenous Malay communities who have inhabited 16 ancient villages on the island since 1834. The project implementation was marked by forced evictions, repeated acts of violence, and non-transparent environmental impact assessment (AMDAL) processes. Disaster risk analysis from nine environmental perspectives covering air quality, water quality, coastal and marine ecosystems, sand mining and geological degradation, biodiversity, community health, social-cultural impacts, climate change vulnerability, and environmental governance consistently produces high-risk assessments, affirming that Rempang Island as a small island ecosystem lacks adequate carrying capacity for large-scale glass industrial development without permanent and irreversible ecological damage. Although Presidential Regulation Number 12 of 2025 de facto removed Rempang Eco City from the list of 77 National Strategic Projects under President Prabowo Subianto’s administration, the absence of an explicit revocation of Permenko Number 7 of 2023 creates ongoing legal ambiguity for affected communities. This research concludes that Indonesia urgently requires fundamental reform in its investment-based development policy paradigm, encompassing strengthened indigenous community participation mechanisms, elevation of AMDAL as a non-circumventable legal requirement prior to investment designation, and application of the ecological precautionary principle in small island development.

PUBLIC POLICY EVALUATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER MITIGATION PREDICTION REGARDING THE CANCELLATION OF THE GLASS INDUSTRY STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT IN REMPANG ISLAND Vivin Delvya Roza; Yustina Yustina
Multidisciplinary Indonesian Center Journal (MICJO) Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Vol. 03 No. 3 Edisi Juli 2026
Publisher : PT. Jurnal Center Indonesia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62567/micjo.v3i3.2671

This study aims to analyze the evaluation of public policy and environmental disaster mitigation predictions regarding the cancellation of the strategic glass industry development in Rempang Island. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design and data collection through systematic literature review. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman & Saldana (2014). The results show that the Rempang Eco City National Strategic Project (NSP) failed comprehensively due to a procedurally flawed and non-participatory formulation process. Economic valuation research by Trend Asia et al. (2025) found that the average household income of Rempang residents reached IDR 32.77 million per household per month, far exceeding the government’s claim of IDR 3 million, while potential environmental losses reached IDR 109 million per household per month. Based on Dunn’s (2003) six policy evaluation criteria, this policy proved to be ineffective, inefficient, inadequate, inequitable, unresponsive, and inappropriate. President Prabowo Subianto’s decision to exclude Rempang Eco City from the NSP list through Presidential Regulation No. 12 of 2025 was the right step, yet still requires more decisive regulation to provide legal certainty for affected communities.

ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER MITIGATION ON REMPANG ISLAND : EVALUATION AND CANCELLATION OF NATIONAL STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT POLICY Tauhid Ma’rifatullah; Yustina Yustina
Multidisciplinary Indonesian Center Journal (MICJO) Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Vol. 03 No. 3 Edisi Juli 2026
Publisher : PT. Jurnal Center Indonesia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62567/micjo.v3i3.2677

The conflict surrounding the Rempang Eco-City National Strategic Project (PSN) on Rempang Island, Batam City, Riau Islands Province, is one of the most complex development policy crises of the past decade. This study analyzes the neglected environmental disaster mitigation dimensions in the acceleration of the Rempang Eco-City PSN from nine environmental perspectives, while evaluating whether the cancellation of this strategic development policy is a normatively and empirically justifiable choice. Using a qualitative research approach with a case study design, the study combines regulatory analysis based on legal documents including Laws, Government Regulations, Presidential Regulations, Ministerial Regulations, Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL) documents, and the Batam City Spatial Plan (RTRW) with field data from secondary sources compiled between 2023–2025. The findings reveal four main conclusions: (1) regulatory incoherence exists between Permenko Ekuin No. 7/2023 and Law No. 32/2009 on Environmental Protection and Management (PPLH) as well as Law No. 27/2007 on Coastal Zone Management; (2) the AMDAL process was carried out procedurally without participatory substance and was only initiated after the conflict erupted; (3) environmental impacts including threats of deforestation of protected forests, mangrove ecosystem degradation, and sea sand exploitation have not been adequately mitigated; and (4) resistance from approximately 80% of affected residents indicates a failure of the Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) principle. The most recent development shows that through Presidential Regulation (Perpres) No. 12 of 2025, signed by President Prabowo Subianto on February 10, 2025, Rempang Eco-City is no longer listed among the 77 national strategic projects. This study recommends a comprehensive policy evaluation for Rempang Island development based on an independent AMDAL review, fulfillment of the rights of the Malay indigenous community, and a moratorium on all construction activities until legal certainty is established.

PUBLIC POLICY EVALUATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE OF THE REMPANG ECO CITY PROJECT : LESSONS FROM A CONTESTED NATIONAL STRATEGIC PROJECT IN INDONESIA Rika Meriza; Yustina Yustina
Multidisciplinary Indonesian Center Journal (MICJO) Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Vol. 03 No. 3 Edisi Juli 2026
Publisher : PT. Jurnal Center Indonesia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62567/micjo.v3i3.2679

This study aims to analyze public policy evaluation and environmental governance issues surrounding the Rempang Eco City Project in Indonesia, particularly following its exclusion from the National Strategic Project agenda. The research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method and systematic literature review from government regulations, scientific journals, environmental organization reports, official investigations, and national media coverage related to Rempang Island. Data were analyzed using public policy and environmental mitigation perspectives. The findings indicate that the Rempang Eco City policy generated serious social conflicts, ecological threats, and legal uncertainty due to weak community participation during the policy formulation process. From an environmental mitigation perspective, the industrialization of Rempang Island has the potential to trigger coastal ecosystem destruction, air and water pollution, coastal abrasion, loss of fishermen’s livelihoods, and prolonged social conflict. The government’s recent decision to remove Rempang Eco City from the National Strategic Project list is considered an important corrective policy. However, unresolved legal and environmental governance issues remain. Policy evaluation based on effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and appropriateness demonstrates that the Rempang Eco City policy failed to fulfill the principles of sustainable development and good governance.

DISASTER RISK GOVERNANCE AND SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL VULNERABILITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF REMPANG ISLAND Diga Putri Oktaviane; Yustina Yustina
Multidisciplinary Indonesian Center Journal (MICJO) Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Vol. 03 No. 3 Edisi Juli 2026
Publisher : PT. Jurnal Center Indonesia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62567/micjo.v3i3.2681

The development of Rempang Island through the Rempang Eco-City project has become one of Indonesia’s strategic initiatives to promote investment, industrialization, and regional economic growth in coastal areas. While the project is expected to strengthen economic competitiveness and attract large-scale investment, its implementation has generated significant social, environmental, and governance challenges. Existing studies on Rempang have primarily focused on land disputes, relocation issues, and agrarian conflicts, with limited attention given to disaster risk governance and socio-ecological vulnerability perspectives. This study aims to analyze the development of Rempang Island through the lens of Disaster Risk Governance (DRG) and socio-ecological vulnerability to understand how development policies, environmental change, and governance arrangements interact in shaping risks within coastal regions. This study employs a qualitative approach using literature review and policy analysis. Data were collected from government regulations, official reports, public policy documents, human rights reports, academic publications, and other credible secondary sources. The analytical framework integrates disaster risk governance, socio-ecological vulnerability, and public policy theories. The findings indicate that the Rempang conflict should not be understood solely as an agrarian dispute or community resistance to relocation. Instead, it reflects broader governance challenges associated with integrating disaster risk considerations into coastal development policies. The project has the potential to generate socio-ecological vulnerabilities related to land tenure uncertainty, livelihood transformation, cultural identity concerns, environmental pressures, and limited stakeholder participation. The study argues that sustainable coastal development depends not only on economic investment but also on the capacity of governance systems to manage emerging risks through collaborative, adaptive, and inclusive approaches. The article contributes to the literature by positioning the Rempang case as a governance-of-risk issue and highlighting the need to integrate economic development, environmental sustainability, and disaster risk reduction within coastal governance frameworks.

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