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Pertanggungjawaban Perdata atas Pelanggaran Kode Etik Keilmuan: Analisis Filsafat Ilmu Mahlil Mahlil; Nukman Hasibuan; Mukhlis Mukhlis; Marwan Marwan; Nazaruddin Nazaruddin; Dwi Fitri; Iskandar Iskandar
Al-Muamalat Jurnal Hukum dan Ekonomi Syariah Vol 11 No 1 (2026): Al-Muamalat: Jurnal Hukum dan Ekonomi Syari'ah
Publisher : IAIN Langsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32505/muamalat.v11i1.14098

Abstract

This study aims to examine the construction of civil liability for breaches of scientific codes of ethics through the perspectives of philosophy of science and civil law doctrine. Employing a qualitative library-based methodology, this research adopts a normative juridical approach enriched by conceptual and philosophical analysis. The findings indicate that scientific codes of ethics constitute ethical–scientific norms that may acquire juridical relevance when their violation fulfills the elements of a tort (unlawful act), namely fault, damage, and causal relationship. In this context, civil liability functions as a corrective and restorative mechanism that strengthens scientific accountability without undermining academic freedom.
Dynamics of Religious Conflict and Social Movements in Society Martunis Martunis; Zulfikar Zulfikar; Marwan Marwan; Mukhlis Mukhlis; Darmadi Darmadi
Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia (JIM-ID) Vol. 5 No. 07 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisplin Indonesia (JIM-ID), 2026
Publisher : Sean Institute

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Abstract

Religion is a social institution that plays a crucial role in shaping societal values, identity, and solidarity. However, in practice, religion also has an ambivalent character, serving as both a source of social integration and a trigger for conflict. On the other hand, social and political conflict often fosters the emergence of religion-based social movements that utilize religious values ​​as a moral foundation in their struggle for justice and social change. This article aims to analyze the dynamics of the relationship between religion, conflict, and social movements in society through a sociological perspective. The study employed a literature review method with a descriptive qualitative approach, analyzing various sociological theories of religion, conflict theory, social movement theory, and relevant previous research findings. The discussion demonstrates that religion has a dual capacity as a source of social cohesion and conflict, depending on the social, political, and economic context, as well as the interpretation of religious teachings. Conflict can strengthen religious identity and trigger the birth of religion-based social movements that derive moral legitimacy, organizational structure, and collective motivation from religious values. The case study of the communal conflict in Poso demonstrates that religion-based conflict does not exist in isolation but is influenced by the interaction of social, economic, political, and identity factors. Therefore, understanding the relationship between religion, conflict, and social movements requires a multidimensional approach to be able to explain the role of religion more comprehensively as a factor that can drive conflict or become a force for social transformation towards peace and justice.