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All Journal SAINS MEDIKA : JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DAN KESEHATAN Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat
Kiky Martha Ariesaka
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Malang
Education Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Reconciling Contradictory Findings: In Silico Evaluation of Annonacin’s Antimalarial Efficacy and Safety Anindya Zerlina Tsaqif; Khodijah Khodijah; Fahrizal Ryuzen Prayogi; Moh Mirza Nuryady; Kiky Martha Ariesaka
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 16, No 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/sainsmed.v16i2.39412

Abstract

Introduction. With the increasing resistance to existing antimalarial therapies, the discovery of new drugs has become urgent. Annona muricata contains phenolic compounds with antioxidant potential and bioactive properties, including annonaceous acetogenins, which exhibit cytotoxicity, raising safety concerns. Conversely, other studies have shown significant antimalarial activity from A. muricata extracts without observed toxicity, suggesting its potential as a lead compound for malaria treatment. This inconsistency calls for further investigation, particularly through in silico analyses, to clarify the interactions between these compounds and key malaria targets. Aim. This study employs in silico methods to explore Annonacin’s binding affinity to malaria proteins, PfDHODH and PfLDH, and evaluates its toxicity and bioavailability. Methods. Molecular docking was conducted using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) version 6.0 to assess Annonacin’s binding interactions with PfDHODH and PfLDH. Toxicity was analyzed using ProTox-II, focusing on cytotoxicity and LD50 value. Pharmacokinetic properties, including gastrointestinal absorption and adherence to Lipinski’s rule of five, were evaluated using SwissADME. Results. Docking results revealed that Annonacin forms stable complexes with both proteins, suggesting strong inhibitory potential. However, toxicity analysis highlighted significant cytotoxic effects, with an LD50 of 400 mg/kg placing Annonacin in Toxicity Class IV, indicating ingestion risks. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed challenges such as low gastrointestinal absorption and a violation of Lipinski’s rule due to high molecular weight. Conclusion. These findings suggest Annonacin has antimalarial potential, but its development is hindered by safety concerns and pharmacokinetic limitations. Further optimization is needed to balance efficacy with safety, providing a foundation for future research and development.
Breeding Site Preferences and Resistance Status of Aedes aegypti in Malang City Moh Mirza Nuryady; Elly Purwanti; Tutut Indria Permana; Kiky Martha Ariesaka
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol. 21 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI Tingkat Pusat) and Jejaring Nasional Pendidikan Kesehatan (JNPK)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v21i2.21666

Abstract

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a significant health challenge in urban and semi-urban regions, including Malang City, Indonesia, where Aedes aegypti is the primary vector. This study aimed to identify the breeding site preferences of Ae. aegypti and assess its resistance to 0.8% malathion and 0.05% cypermethrin insecticides. Using a descriptive observational design, ovitraps were deployed in three districts to collect mosquito larvae and eggs, and interviews with residents provided additional data on breeding site preferences. Resistance tests followed WHO guidelines, with mortality rates analysed after insecticide exposure. Results indicated that Ae. aegypti larvae were predominantly found in bathroom water tanks (45%) and flower vases (35%). Resistance status revealed geographical variability: Ae. aegypti in District 1 were resistant to cypermethrin, while populations in Districts 2 and 3 were susceptible, with average status of Ae. Aegypti to cypermethrin is tolerant. For malathion, resistance was widespread, particularly in District 3, with average status of Ae. Aegypti to malathion is resistant. These findings suggest that the use of malathion for vector control in Malang is no longer effective, while cypermethrin remains viable under strict monitoring to prevent future resistance. This study underscores the need for targeted insecticide use and regular monitoring to optimize vector control strategies and minimize DHF transmission.
Co-Authors Anindya Zerlina Tsaqif Elly Purwanti Fahrizal Ryuzen Prayogi Khodijah Khodijah Moh Mirza Nuryady Moh Mirza Nuryady Tutut Indria Permana