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All Journal Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia
Novamei Indriani
Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu dan Kesehatan, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Health Professions

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FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOEMULGEL OF SAPPAN WOOD EXTRACT (Caesalpinia sappan L.) WITH CMC-Na VARIATION AS GELLING AGENT Fikria Marfuatin Nur; Joice Halima Moto; Novamei Indriani
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : BRIN - Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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Abstract

Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) contains brazilin, a major bioactive compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. However, its poor water solubility and low chemical stability limit its therapeutic potential, requiring an improved delivery system such as nanoemulgel to enhance penetration, stability, and topical efficacy. Previous research formulated nanoemulgel using 3–5% CMC-Na but did not include particle size analysis or flavonoid content determination, leaving gaps in stability and active compound retention. This study addresses these limitations by developing nanoemulgel with 2%, 3%, and 4% CMC-Na. The extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol, followed by TLC identification and flavonoid quantification via UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Formulations were evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesiveness, homogeneity, particle size, physical stability, and final flavonoid content. The 3% CMC-Na formulation demonstrated the most balanced characteristics, nano-sized particles, and good overall stability.
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOEMULGEL OF SAPPAN WOOD EXTRACT (Caesalpinia sappan L.) WITH CMC-Na VARIATION AS GELLING AGENT Fikria Marfuatin Nur; Joice Halima Moto; Novamei Indriani
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : BRIN - Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) contains brazilin, a major bioactive compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. However, its poor water solubility and low chemical stability limit its therapeutic potential, requiring an improved delivery system such as nanoemulgel to enhance penetration, stability, and topical efficacy. Previous research formulated nanoemulgel using 3–5% CMC-Na but did not include particle size analysis or flavonoid content determination, leaving gaps in stability and active compound retention. This study addresses these limitations by developing nanoemulgel with 2%, 3%, and 4% CMC-Na. The extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol, followed by TLC identification and flavonoid quantification via UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Formulations were evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesiveness, homogeneity, particle size, physical stability, and final flavonoid content. The 3% CMC-Na formulation demonstrated the most balanced characteristics, nano-sized particles, and good overall stability.
Co-Authors Fikria Marfuatin Nur Joice Halima Moto