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Ahmad Fahmi Yustirandi
Masanori Law Office
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LEGITIMASI DATA PEMETAAN DIGITAL BERBASIS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SEBAGAI ALAT BUKTI HAK ATAS TANAH (TANTANGAN HUKUM DI LUAR KERANGKA REGULASI KONVENSIONAL) Geta Ilham Adi Prasetyo; Desi Sukmawati; Ahmad Fahmi Yustirandi; Budi Salman Farizy; Ajie Sefi Al Carubani
Jurnal Pertanahan Vol 16 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Pertanahan
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53686/jp.v16i1.308

Abstract

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based digital mapping technology has brought significant changes to land administration practices and the resolution of land rights disputes. However, the use of AI-based digital mapping data as legal evidence has not yet gained clear normative recognition in Indonesia's land law system. This study aims to analyse the legal position of AI-based digital mapping data in the land law evidence system, identify normative gaps in its regulation, and formulate a legal regulatory model that can provide legitimacy and legal certainty for the use of AI technology as evidence of land rights. This study uses a normative juridical research method with a legislative approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. The legal materials used include primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials that are analysed qualitatively. The results of the study show that although electronic documents have been recognised as legal evidence, the regulations do not specifically accommodate the characteristics of AI-based digital mapping data, which is dynamic, algorithm-based, and non-physical. This condition creates a normative gap that has implications for legal uncertainty in proving land rights. This study concludes that legal reform is needed through the formulation of specific norms governing the legitimacy, validity standards, verification mechanisms, and auditability of AI-based digital mapping data to ensure legal certainty, protection of land rights, and adaptation of land law to developments in digital technology. Keywords: Digital Mapping, Artificial Intelligence, Evidence, Land Law, Legal Certainty.
Status Hukum Ruang Udara dan Ruang Bawah Tanah dalam Tata Ruang Indonesia: Kekosongan Norma di Era Urban Vertikal Geta Ilham Adi Prasetyo; Desi Sukmawati; Ahmad Fahmi Yustirandi; Budi Salman Farizy; Ajie Sefi Al Carubani; Afif Hiba Maula; Mohammad Naufal Hariri
Jurnal Pertanahan Vol 16 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Pertanahan
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53686/jp.v16i1.310

Abstract

Urban development in Indonesia shows a tendency towards vertical use of space through the construction of multi-storey buildings, underground infrastructure, and the use of airspace for public and commercial purposes. This situation raises legal issues regarding the status of control and use of airspace and underground space, which to date have not been clearly regulated in the national land and spatial planning legal system. Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles and Law No. 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning still place vertical space as an accessory to surface land rights, without regulating vertical boundaries of rights and mechanisms for independent encumbrance of rights. This study aims to analyse the legal regulation of airspace and underground space in Indonesian legislation, identify normative gaps that cause legal uncertainty, and formulate directions for spatial and land use law reform. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative, conceptual, and comparative law approach. The results of the study show that there is a normative gap regarding the legal status of vertical space as an object of rights, which has implications for weak legal certainty in urban infrastructure development. Therefore, this study recommends legal reform through the recognition of airspace and underground space as separate legal objects, the establishment of new property rights, and the application of a three-dimensional cadastral system to ensure legal certainty in the use of vertical space in Indonesia. Keywords: Airspace, Underground Space, Spatial Planning, Land Law, Normative Vacuum.
Co-Authors Afif Hiba Maula Ajie Sefi Al Carubani Budi Salman Farizy Desi Sukmawati Geta Ilham Adi Prasetyo Mohammad Naufal Hariri