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All Journal KESANS : International Journal of Health and Science
Subagio Subagio
RSUD H. Abdul Manap Kota Jambi, Indonesia
Chemistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health

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Effectiveness of Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab as PD-1 Inhibitors in Unresectable or Metastatic Advanced Melanoma: A Systematic Review Naomi Winny Tioline; Subagio Subagio; Wita Zahara
Jurnal KESANS : Kesehatan dan Sains Vol 5 No 10 (2026): KESANS: International Journal of Health and Science
Publisher : Rifa'Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54543/kesans.v5i10.692

Abstract

Introduction: Advanced melanoma is associated with poor prognosis because of limited effective treatment options, however, programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitors have transformed therapeutic strategies and significantly improved patient survival. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of nivolumab and pembrolizumab in patients with unresectable or metastatic advanced melanoma. Method: A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library to identify studies published between 2020 and 2026. Clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and single-arm studies reporting overall survival, progression-free survival, or objective response rate were included. Result and Discussion: wenty studies were included. PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy significantly improved overall survival versus ipilimumab (pembrolizumab: 32.7 vs. 15.9 months; nivolumab: 36.9 vs. 19.9 months). Nivolumab plus ipilimumab achieved overall survival exceeding 70 months with objective response rates up to 58%. Nivolumab combined with relatlimab improved progression-free survival (10.2 vs. 4.6 months) compared with monotherapy. Nivolumab also remained effective in brain metastases, though some combinations increased toxicity without added benefit. Conclusion: Nivolumab and pembrolizumab provide significant clinical benefits in unresectable or metastatic advanced melanoma by improving survival and treatment response
Clinical Effectiveness of Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 (PD-1) Inhibitors in Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review Wita Zahara; Subagio Subagio; Naomi Winny Tioline; Iman Agus Lisanto
Jurnal KESANS : Kesehatan dan Sains Vol 5 No 10 (2026): KESANS: International Journal of Health and Science
Publisher : Rifa'Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54543/kesans.v5i10.693

Abstract

Introduction: Advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is associated with a poor prognosis, particularly in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease, while conventional systemic therapies generally achieve objective response rates below 30%. Objective: This study aimed to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors in patients with advanced cSCC. Method: A PRISMA 2020-based systematic review searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library for studies published from January 2020 to March 2026. Twenty eligible studies involving cemiplimab, pembrolizumab, or nivolumab were included. Result and Discussion: Clinical trials reported objective response rates of 44.0–45.2% for cemiplimab, 35.2–50.0% for pembrolizumab, and 61.3% for nivolumab, while real-world studies reported 35.1–80.6%. Comparative studies showed improved overall survival and durable responses. Common adverse events included fatigue, rash, and immune-related toxicities. Conclusion: PD-1 inhibitors provide effective and well-tolerated first-line systemic therapy for advanced cSCC
Co-Authors Iman Agus Lisanto Naomi Winny Tioline Wita Zahara